BlackSky Technology Inc.
For the period ended Mar 31, 2025. Filed May 8, 2025.
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A company's report for each of its first three quarters. The financial statements are not audited. It shows how the business has moved since the last annual report, and what management says changed.
Mar 31, 2025 · Filed May 8, 2025
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-Q
Period ended 2024-09-30; filed 2024-11-07.
0001753539-24-000136
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-Q
Period ended 2025-03-31; filed 2025-05-08.
0001753539-25-000053
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 132 previous paragraphs and 136 current paragraphs.
68 unchanged; 44 reworded; 24 added; 20 removed; 0 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 11 previous and 11 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (24)
Current report
BlackSky is a space-based intelligence company that delivers real-time imagery, analytics and high-frequency monitoring of the world’s most critical and strategic locations, economic assets, and events. BlackSky is trusted by many of the most demanding U.S. and international government agencies and commercial businesses around the world. We are defining a new category of space-based intelligence products and services with real-time imagery and automated analytics, delivered through an easy-to-use interface coupled with our high-revisit and low latency satellite constellation, which are designed to help customers see, understand and anticipate change for a decisive strategic advantage.
Current report
BlackSky’s constellation provides unique value with the ability to collect imagery and analytics from dawn-to-dusk at a higher cadence and at lower cost than traditional providers. U.S. and allied militaries rely on our services for high-revisit monitoring of airfields, vehicle depots, troop movements, and other high-value locations to detect changes in pattern-of-life. BlackSky can distinguish landscape features such as roads and buildings, and gauge commercial activities and patterns in ship or aircraft movements, progress at construction sites, and changes in production by estimating the number of cars in a parking lot.
Current report
Our proprietary constellation can produce high and very-high resolution electro-optical imagery resolution and short-wave infrared imagery for expanded imaging capabilities in low-light or nighttime. The constellation also has advanced data communications capabilities that significantly increase the end-to-end delivery speed of intelligence products. We believe these advanced features improve our analytics and increase the value we can deliver to our customers.
Current report
In November 2024, we acquired the remaining 50% of common units of LeoStella LLC (“LeoStella”) and LeoStella became a wholly-owned subsidiary of BlackSky. The acquisition allows us to improve control over the Gen-3 satellite supply chain and production operations. This vertical integration enables us to control our satellites through the entire design, manufacturing, and operation process and optimize performance per unit cost. LeoStella's financial results have been included in our operating results for the period following the acquisition date.
Current report
Imagery and software analytical services revenue decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, driven by the expiration of delivery orders from an existing customer.
Current report
Imagery & software analytical service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, due to an increase in vendor costs to fulfill revenue obligations and planned Gen-3 constellation optimization.
Current report
Selling, general, and administrative expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. Salaries and benefit costs increased primarily due to workforce acquired in our acquisition of LeoStella in the fourth quarter of 2024. Professional fees increased as a result of transaction costs associated with finalizing the business acquisition in late 2024. Information technology and other administrative expenses increased primarily due to investments to optimize corporate business and operational systems. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation that was due to the acceleration of expense for stock options that were voluntarily forfeited during the first quarter of 2024. We expect for selling, general, and administrative expenses to continue to trend higher in 2025 as compared to what was incurred in 2024 as a result of headcount increases and the ongoing integration of LeoStella into our operations.
Current report
Amortization expense increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024 as a result of intangible assets acquired by the Company in the fourth quarter of 2024.
Current report
Gain (loss) on derivatives
Current report
Interest income increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as a result of higher short-term investment balances during the period as compared to the same period in 2024.
Current report
Interest expense increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, as a result of more debt outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. Our outstanding debt increased mainly due to non-cash transactions for the transfer of paid-in-kind interest in 2024 and the financing of launch invoices during the past twelve months.
Current report
As part of certain debt arrangements, we are required to maintain the following financial covenants:
Current report
•$10.0 million of minimum cash and cash equivalents balance, measured quarterly as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.
Current report
•Adjusted EBITDA, measured quarterly as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, of not less than:
Current report
•$5.0 million for the trailing four quarter period ending as of December 31, 2024 through September 30, 2025 and
Current report
•$10.0 million for the trailing four quarter period ending as of December 31, 2025 and as of the end of each fiscal quarter thereafter.
Current report
•Quarterly minimum revenue targets agreed upon by the Company and the bank at the beginning of each year.
Current report
•Unrestricted and unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in an amount equal to at least one hundred percent of the outstanding commercial bank line at all times.
Current report
As of March 31, 2025, all debt instruments contained customary covenants and events of default. The Company was in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants as of March 31, 2025.
Current report
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $27.2 million. The significant decrease in cash used during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024 was due to an increase in the net cash provided by working capital. The increase in cash provided by working capital was largely related to a cash payment for capacity for future purchase orders that was recorded as deferred revenue as of March 31, 2025 in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Current report
Business Combination
Current report
Upon acquisition of a company, we determine if the transaction is a business combination, which is accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting. Under the acquisition method, once control is obtained of a business, the assets acquired, and liabilities assumed, are recorded at fair value.
Current report
The most significant estimates and assumptions evaluated in a business combination relate to the determination of (1) the enterprise value of the acquired company using an income approach, (2) the fair values of identified intangible assets, (3) the allocation of the fair value acquired to the net assets acquired and (4) the period and pattern of amortization for intangible assets that are assigned a definite life. The enterprise value is determined based on projected cash flows attributable to the operations of the acquiree. The projected cash flows include various assumptions, including estimated revenue growth rates, operating margins, R&D expenditures, capital expenditures, royalty rates, and appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates used to discount the projected cash flows. The usage of different assumptions would result in the assignment of different fair values to the acquired identifiable intangible assets and, accordingly, could also impact the amount of purchase consideration assigned to goodwill. Similarly, changes in the planned usage of the acquired identifiable intangible assets and/or their estimated economic lives, if any, could impact the recoverability of the assets and/or amortization period and expense attributable to the assets in the future.
Current report
Measurement period adjustments are reflected at the time identified, up through the conclusion of the measurement period, which is the time at which all information for determination of the values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is received, and is not to exceed one year from the acquisition date. We may continue to record adjustments to the fair value of these tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the corresponding offset to goodwill.
Removed paragraphs (20)
Previous report
In September 2024, we effected a one-for-eight reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) of our issued Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (“common stock”). As a result, every eight shares of our issued common stock were combined into one share of our common stock. No fractional shares of our common stock were issued as a result of the Reverse Stock Split. Each stockholder who would otherwise have been entitled to receive a fractional share as a result of the Reverse Stock Split received a cash payment equal to the product obtained by multiplying the number of shares of our common stock held by such stockholder before the Reverse Stock Split that would otherwise have been exchanged for such fractional share interest by the closing price per share of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") on September 6, 2024, the date of the effective time of the Reverse Stock Split. As a result of the Reverse Stock Split, proportionate adjustments were made to the per share exercise price and the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of all outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” gives retroactive effect to the Reverse Stock Split for all periods presented. The shares of common stock retained a par value of $0.0001 per share.
Previous report
Our next generation satellites (“Gen-3”), expected to ship to the launch site in the coming weeks, are designed to improve imaging resolution even further and include short wave infrared imaging technology for a broad set of imaging conditions, including nighttime and low-light. We believe these advancements will expand the relevance and certainty of our analytics to continue to ensure our importance to our customers. We also believe the combination of our high-revisit, small satellite constellation, our BlackSky Spectra platform, and low constellation cost is transforming the market for real-time, space-based imagery and analytics.
Previous report
•NM - Fluctuation in terms of percentage change is not meaningful.
Previous report
Imagery and software analytical services revenue increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily driven by incremental imagery and analytics subscription orders and renewals from existing customers for additional services.
Previous report
Professional and engineering services revenue decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, due to a contract's satisfaction of milestones in the third quarter of 2023, which completed the performance obligations. This decrease in revenue was partially offset by revenue recognized for costs incurred on a firm-fixed price contract that did not begin until the fourth quarter of 2023.
Previous report
Imagery & software analytical service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, increased for the three months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, as a result of increased regulatory compliance costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, imagery & software analytical service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization remained flat.
Previous report
Selling, general, and administrative expenses remained relatively flat during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023. Corporate insurance premiums decreased year over year as we've been able to negotiate better rates. Stock-based compensation increased primarily due to the acceleration of expense for options that were voluntarily forfeited during the first quarter of 2024 as well as new stock awards issued in the third quarter of 2024.
Previous report
Amortization expense remained flat for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023.
Previous report
Gain on derivatives
Previous report
Income on equity method investment
Previous report
The fluctuations in income on equity method investment are solely impacted by the operating results of our joint venture LeoStella LLC (“LeoStella”). We did not recognize any percentage of LeoStella's estimated net loss during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 since our investment in LeoStella was $0 as of December 31, 2023.
Previous report
Interest income decreased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as a result of fewer short-term investments held during the periods as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Previous report
Interest expense increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as a result of increased debt outstanding during the second and third quarters of 2024 and a higher effective interest rate on our loans from related parties that were amended during the second quarter of 2023.
Previous report
Other (expense) income, net
Previous report
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, other (expense) income, net, included $0.9 million of transaction costs associated with new warrants that are accounted for as derivative liabilities and $0.8 million of transaction costs associated with our debt modification during the second quarter of 2023.
Previous report
Our equity issuances during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included a public offering of shares as well as an at-the-market (“ATM”) offering. In September 2024, we completed a public offering comprised of
Previous report
The commercial bank line includes customary events of default, including payment defaults, covenant breach defaults, cross defaults with certain other material indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency defaults, and a material adverse effect default, as well as an event of default for certain impairments of the availability of our ATM facility. The occurrence of an event of default could result in the acceleration of our obligations under the commercial bank line, the termination of Stifel Bank’s commitments, a 5% increase in the applicable rate of interest, and the exercise by Stifel Bank of other rights and remedies provided for under the commercial bank line.
Previous report
We were in compliance with all covenants as of September 30, 2024 and expect to remain in compliance with all covenants in the next 12 months from the issuance of the financial statements.
Previous report
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $4.6 million. The contributor to the significant decrease in cash used during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was the decrease in the operating loss, adjusted for depreciation, amortization, stock-based compensation expense, gain on derivatives, and other non-cash items. The operating loss decrease in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to increased imagery revenue primarily driven by incremental imagery and analytics subscription orders and renewals from existing customers for additional services as well as increased professional & engineering services revenue primarily driven by a new significant engineering contract that began after the comparable prior period.
Previous report
In addition, we also had borrowings from our revolving credit facility of $20.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which were partially offset by $10.0 million of debt payments.
Reworded paragraphs (44)
Previous wording
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As discussed in the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and filed with the SEC. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “BlackSky,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the business and operations of BlackSky Holdings, Inc. (“Legacy BlackSky”) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the completion of its merger on September 9, 2021 with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Osprey Technology Acquisition Corp. (the “Merger”) and of BlackSky Technology Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, following the closing of the Merger.
Current wording
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. As discussed in the section titled “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” under Part I, Item IA of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” to “BlackSky,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the business and operations of BlackSky Holdings, Inc. (“Legacy BlackSky”) and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the completion of its merger on September 9, 2021 with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Osprey Technology Acquisition Corp. (the “Merger”) and of BlackSky Technology Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, following the closing of the Merger.
Previous wording
We own and operate one of the industry's leading high-performance low earth orbit small satellite constellations. Our constellation is optimized to cost-efficiently capture imagery at high revisit rates where and when our customers need it. The orbital configuration of our constellation is designed to collect data on the most critical and strategic locations in the world. Our constellation is able to image certain locations approximately every 90 minutes, from dawn to dusk, providing our customers with insights and situational awareness throughout the day. Our satellites are designed with agile pointing capabilities that enable our customers to task our constellation on demand to collect specific locations of interest. The constellation is optimized for agility and capacity and delivers high revisit imaging and analytic products without a dependency on an individual satellite. This approach enables us to strategically deploy capacity to meet customer needs and tailor the capability over time to meet market demand. Our tasking methodology employs proprietary artificial intelligence (“AI”)-enabled software to efficiently collect images of the most important strategic and economic assets and areas of interest to our customers. We believe that our focus on critical strategic and economic infrastructure and the AI-enabled tasking of our constellation differentiates us from many of our competitors, who are primarily dedicated to mapping the entirety of the Earth on a routine basis. Our differentiated approach to space enables us to deliver highly targeted and valuable intelligence with a smaller constellation fleet that has the added benefit of greater operating and capital efficiencies.
Current wording
We own and operate one of the industry's leading high-performance low earth orbit (“LEO”) small satellite constellations. Our constellation is optimized to cost-efficiently capture imagery at high revisit rates where and when our customers need it. Because of its orbital configuration, our constellation is able to image certain locations on average in under 90 minutes, from dawn-to-dusk, providing our customers with insights and situational awareness over specific locations of interest throughout the day. The constellation is optimized for agility and capacity and delivers high revisit imaging and analytic products without a dependency on an individual satellite. This approach enables us to strategically deploy capacity to meet customer needs and tailor the capability over time to meet market demand. We believe that our focus on critical strategic and economic infrastructure and our proprietary artificial intelligence (“AI”)-enabled tasking methodology differentiates us from many of our competitors, who are primarily dedicated to mapping the entirety of the Earth on a routine basis. Our differentiated approach to space enables us to deliver highly targeted and valuable intelligence with a smaller constellation fleet that has the added benefit of greater operating and capital efficiencies.
Previous wording
Our BlackSky Spectra software platform can, among other things, process millions of observations a day from our proprietary satellite constellation and from multiple external data sources including imaging, radar and radio frequency satellites, environmental sensors, asset tracking sensors, Internet-of-Things connected devices, internet-enabled narrative sources, and a variety of geotemporal data feeds. BlackSky Spectra employs advanced, proprietary AI and machine learning (“ML”) techniques to process, analyze, and transform these data feeds into alerts, information, and insights that our customers receive, all fully automated. Customers can access BlackSky Spectra's data and analytics through easy-to-use web services or through platform application programming interfaces.
Current wording
Our BlackSky Spectra software platform can, among other things, process millions of observations a day from our proprietary satellite constellation and from multiple external data sources including imaging, radar and radio frequency satellites, environmental sensors, asset tracking sensors, Internet-of-Things connected devices, internet-enabled narrative sources, and a variety of geotemporal data feeds. BlackSky Spectra employs advanced, proprietary AI and machine learning (“ML”) techniques to process, analyze, and transform these data feeds into alerts, information, and insights that our customers receive, all fully automated. Customers can access BlackSky Spectra's data and analytics through easy-to-use web services or through platform APIs. The combination of our high-revisit, small satellite constellation, our BlackSky Spectra platform, and low constellation cost is transforming the market for real-time, space-based imagery and analytics.
Previous wording
Our operating strategy is to continue to enhance the capabilities of our satellite constellation, to increase the number of third-party data sources processed by our BlackSky Spectra platform, and to expand our analytics offerings in order to increase the value we deliver to our customers. Our two strategic assets—our satellite constellation and our BlackSky Spectra platform—are mutually reinforcing: as we capture more information about the world’s most important strategic and economic assets and locations, our proprietary database expands and increases its utility, enabling us to better detect, understand, and predict changes that matter most to our customers. Our business has a natural and powerful “flywheel” effect: the more data we collect and analyze, the more valuable the insights we can deliver to our customers.
Current wording
Our operating strategy is to continue to enhance the capabilities of our satellite constellation, to increase the data processed by our BlackSky Spectra platform, and to expand our analytics offerings in order to increase the value we deliver to our customers. Our two strategic assets—our satellite constellation and our BlackSky Spectra platform—are mutually reinforcing: as we capture more information about the world’s most important strategic and economic assets and locations, our proprietary database expands and increases its utility, enabling us to better detect, understand, and predict changes that matter most to our customers. As such, we believe that our business will benefit from a natural and powerful “flywheel” effect: the more data we collect and analyze, the more valuable the insights we can deliver to our customers.
Previous wording
We generate revenue by selling On-Demand and Assured product and service offerings that support a broad range of applications including national security, supply chain intelligence, crisis management, critical infrastructure monitoring, economic intelligence, and others. These offerings include a predefined, standard set of imagery and software analytics products accessible via our basic subscription plan through our BlackSky Spectra software platform, plus professional and engineering services provided to customers on a project-by-project basis. We offer a variety of pricing and utilization options for our imagery and software analytical service offerings, with the majority of our agreements structured as subscription contracts, followed by usage-based pricing and transactional licenses. These options provide customers flexibility to utilize our imagery and software analytical services in a manner that best suits their business needs. We offer a range of pricing tiers that enables the customer to manage collection priorities, when during critical events they can pay a premium to prioritize their monitoring and collection requirements. At other times, customers can select lower priority collections to allow for more economical utilization. Variable and fixed price plans allow our customers to choose what matters most to them—platform licensing-levels, priority for imagery tasking, and whether to apply analytics or monitoring capabilities overtop the imaging service.
Current wording
We generate revenue by selling subscription-based On-Demand and Assured product and service offerings that support national security, supply chain intelligence, crisis management, critical infrastructure monitoring, economic intelligence, and others. These offerings include a variety of pricing options accessible via our subscription plan through our BlackSky Spectra software platform, plus professional and engineering services provided to customers on a project-by-project basis. We offer a range of pricing tiers that enables the customer to manage collection priorities, when during critical events they can pay a premium to prioritize their monitoring and collection requirements. At other times, customers can select lower priority collections to allow for more economical utilization. Variable and fixed price plans allow our customers to choose what matters most to them—platform licensing-levels, priority for imagery tasking, and whether to apply analytics or monitoring capabilities overtop the imaging service.
Previous wording
•Professional and Engineering Services Revenue—We develop and deliver advanced satellites and payload systems for specific strategic customers that desire to leverage our capabilities in mission systems engineering and operations, ground station operations, software, analytics and systems development. These systems are sold to government customers under fixed price contracts and are often sold with imagery service subscriptions. We retain rights to intellectual property for developed technology of certain systems.
Current wording
•Professional and Engineering Services Revenue—We develop and deliver advanced satellites and payload systems for specific strategic customers that desire to leverage our capabilities in mission systems engineering and operations, ground station operations, software, analytics and systems development. These systems are sold to government customers under fixed price contracts and are often sold with operating and imagery service subscriptions. We retain rights to intellectual property for developed technology of certain systems.
Previous wording
•Imagery and software analytical services costs primarily include internal aerospace and geospatial software development labor, third-party data and imagery, internal labor to support the ground stations and space operations, and cloud computing and hosting services. Costs are expensed as incurred except for incremental costs to obtain a contract, which are primarily sales commissions on contracts greater than one year and are capitalized and amortized to selling, general, and administrative expenses on a systematic basis consistent with the transfer of goods and services and directly identifiable costs to fulfill a contract. Expense related to stock-based payments is classified in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income based upon the classification of each employee's cash compensation. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for those employees whose work supports the imagery and software analytical services costs we provide to customers, under imagery and software analytical service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization.
Current wording
•Imagery and software analytical services costs primarily include third-party data and imagery, ground station service payments, internal labor to support the ground stations and space operations, and compute/storage costs to facilitate our expanding AI/ML functionality. Costs are expensed as incurred except for incremental costs to obtain a contract, which are primarily sales commissions on contracts greater than one year and are capitalized and amortized to selling, general, and administrative expenses on a systematic basis consistent with the transfer of goods and services and directly identifiable costs to fulfill a contract. Expense related to stock-based payments is classified in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based upon the classification of each employee's cash compensation. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for those employees whose work supports the imagery and software analytical services costs we provide to customers, under imagery and software analytical service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization.
Previous wording
•Selling, general, and administrative expense consists of salaries and benefit costs, development costs, professional fees, and other expenses which include other personnel-related costs, stock-based compensation expenses for those employees who generally support our business and operations, and occupancy costs. Our development costs include internal labor costs to design and plan critical real-time software and geospatial analytic solutions and solution enhancements, including mapping, analysis, site target monitoring, and news feeds.
Current wording
•Selling, general, and administrative expense consists of salaries and benefit costs, development costs, professional fees, and other expenses which include other personnel-related costs, stock-based compensation expenses for those employees who generally support our business and operations, and occupancy costs.
Previous wording
•Research and development expense consists of employees’ salaries, taxes, and benefits costs incurred for data science modeling and algorithm development related to our BlackSky Spectra software platform, and for the strategic development efforts to support our long-term strategy. In addition, we employ and classify third-party vendors who fulfill our strategic projects as research and development expense. We intend to continue to invest appropriate resources in research and development efforts, as we believe that investment is critical to maintaining our competitive position.
Current wording
•Research and development expense consists of employees’ salaries, taxes, and benefits costs incurred while researching next generation space and ground architectures in support of our long-term strategy. With our acquisition of LeoStella in November 2024, research and development expense also includes our investments in satellite design and functionality. Additionally, we employ and classify third-party vendors who fulfill our strategic projects as research and development expense. We intend to continue to invest appropriate resources in research and development efforts, as we believe that investment is critical to maintaining our competitive position.
Previous wording
Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023
Current wording
Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024
Previous wording
The following table provides the components of results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Current wording
The following table provides the components of results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
Previous wording
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same period in 2023, professional and engineering services revenue increased as a result of incremental revenue generated from two significant engineering contracts that were new in 2023. One of these contracts included favorable changes in the estimation of total costs at completion from identified changes in an engineering program which produced incremental revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis that occurred in the third quarter of 2023 and again during the second quarter of 2024. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in a prior period. For the impacts of changes in estimates on our contracts, see Note 2—"Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The increase in revenue from these two contracts was partially offset by a decrease in revenue related to a contract's satisfaction of milestones in the third quarter of 2023, which completed the performance obligations.
Current wording
Professional and engineering services revenue increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a new contract for the delivery of one Earth observation satellite. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in revenue in two existing contracts caused by differences in the progress of revenue recognition as these long-term contracts are in various stages of completion. Professional and engineering services revenue contains estimates that can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in a prior period. For the impacts of changes in estimates on our contracts, see Note 2—“Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements contained within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Previous wording
Professional & engineering service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily due to fewer direct material costs incurred on a professional services contract, which was driven by an increase in the program's maturity year-over-year. The decreases were partially offset by an increase in satellite procurement work under a firm-fixed price contract that began in the fourth quarter of 2023.
Current wording
Professional & engineering service costs, excluding depreciation and amortization, increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a one-time impact of incurred work in process costs under a satellite procurement contract that began in the first quarter of 2025.
Previous wording
Research and development expense decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as compared to the same periods in 2023. The fluctuations were driven by the timing of contracts from third-party vendors who fulfill our strategic projects as research and development expense. We continue to invest in our research and development initiatives to significantly expand our product capabilities in the future.
Current wording
Research and development expense decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. The fluctuations were driven by the timing of contracts from third-party vendors who fulfill our strategic projects, the costs of which were included in research and development expense. We have continued to invest in our research and development initiatives to significantly expand our product capabilities in the future.
Previous wording
Depreciation expense from satellites decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023 as satellites became fully depreciated.
Current wording
Depreciation expense from satellites decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024 as satellites launched in 2021 became fully depreciated. We expect for depreciation expense to begin to increase in the remainder of 2025 as additional Gen-3 satellites are launched and placed into service.
Previous wording
Depreciation expense from all other property and equipment increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the same periods in 2023, primarily driven by the depreciation of increased asset balances for internal-use software as well as the build-out of new office space in 2023.
Current wording
Depreciation expense from all other property and equipment increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by the depreciation of increased asset balances for internal-use software.
Previous wording
Fluctuations in our equity warrants and other equity instruments that we classify as derivative liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and measure at fair value are significantly driven by our common stock price. Fluctuations to these instruments are inversely related to changes in our common stock price, the volatility of the markets, and the duration of the equity warrants. The gains or losses recognized in the period are non-cash fair value adjustments. These instruments generated gains during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.
Current wording
Fluctuations in our equity warrants and other equity instruments that we classify as derivative liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and measure at fair value are significantly driven by our common stock price. Fluctuations to these instruments are inversely related to changes in our common stock price, the volatility of the markets, and the duration of the equity warrants. The gains or losses recognized in the period are non-cash fair value adjustments. These instruments generated a gain during the three months ended March 31, 2025 versus a loss during the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Previous wording
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income or loss attributable to us before interest income, interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, as well as significant non-cash and/or non-recurring expenses as our management believes these items are not useful in evaluating our core operating performance. These items include, but are not limited to, stock-based compensation expense; unrealized (gain) loss on certain warrants/shares classified as derivative liabilities; non-recurring transaction costs; severance; litigation, settlements, and related costs; impairment losses; income on equity method investment; transaction costs associated with debt and equity financings; and investment loss on short-term investments. We have presented Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that the exclusion of certain items in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can produce a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information in understanding and evaluating our operating results. In addition, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides additional information for investors to use in evaluating our ongoing operating results and trends. This non-GAAP measure provides investors with incremental information for the evaluation of our performance after isolation of certain items deemed unrelated to our core business operations.
Current wording
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as net income or loss attributable to us before interest income, interest expense, income tax expense or benefit, depreciation and amortization, as well as significant non-cash and/or non-recurring expenses as our management believes these items are not useful in evaluating our core operating performance. These items include, but are not limited to, stock-based compensation expense; unrealized (gain) loss on certain warrants/shares classified as derivative liabilities; non-recurring transaction costs; litigation, settlements, and related costs; severance; and impairment and asset disposals. We have presented Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that the exclusion of certain items in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can produce a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information in understanding and evaluating our operating results. In addition, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides additional information for investors to use in evaluating our ongoing operating results and trends. This non-GAAP measure provides investors with incremental information for the evaluation of our performance after isolation of certain items deemed unrelated to our core business operations.
Previous wording
The table below reconciles our net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:
Current wording
The table below reconciles our net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:
Previous wording
As of September 30, 2024, our existing sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our cash and cash equivalents excluding restricted cash totaled $56.2 million and $32.8 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and our short-term investments totaled $7.1 million and $19.7 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We have incurred year to date losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since our inception in September 2014. As of September 30, 2024, we had an accumulated deficit of $636.8 million.
Current wording
As of March 31, 2025, our existing sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. Our cash and cash equivalents excluding restricted cash totaled $20.7 million and $13.1 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and our short-term investments totaled $55.1 million and $39.4 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We have incurred year to date losses and generated negative cash flows from operations since our inception in September 2014. As of March 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $669.0 million.
Previous wording
(1) Short-term investments are included in cash flows from investing activities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Current wording
(1) Short-term investments were included in cash flows from investing activities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Previous wording
Our short-term liquidity as of September 30, 2024 was $64.4 million. We expect cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operating activities to be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for the foreseeable future. Our future long-term capital requirements will depend on many factors including our growth rate, customer demand for capacity, the timing and extent of spending to support solution development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the ongoing investments in technology infrastructure, the introduction of new and enhanced solutions, and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions.
Current wording
Our short-term liquidity as of March 31, 2025 was $77.0 million. We expect cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operating activities to be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs for the foreseeable future. Our future long-term capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our Gen-3 satellite production needs, launch costs and increased insurance costs, as well as our growth rate, customer demand for capacity, the timing and extent of spending to support solution development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the ongoing investments in technology infrastructure, the introduction of new and enhanced solutions, and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions.
Previous wording
11.5 million shares of common stock for a public offering price of $4.00 per share. We received $46.0 million in gross proceeds from this public offering. The Company also has the ability to offer and sell from time to time up to $75.0 million of newly issued shares in open trading windows at market prices through a designated broker dealer pursuant to an ATM offering, of which we sold $4.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Current wording
Our equity issuances during the three months ended March 31, 2025 included an at-the-market (“ATM”) offering. We have the ability to offer and sell from time to time up to $75.0 million of newly issued shares in open trading windows at market prices through a designated broker dealer pursuant to an ATM offering program, of which we sold $5.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
Previous wording
We have current contract assets of $26.7 million and we anticipate receiving this amount in payments over the next 12 months as interim milestones on a few major customer contracts are met and expected to be billed, further enhancing our liquidity.
Current wording
We have current contract assets of $32.4 million and we anticipate receiving this amount in payments over the next 12 months as interim milestones on a few major customer contracts are met and expected to be billed, further enhancing our liquidity.
Previous wording
In April 2024, we entered into a commercial bank line with Stifel Bank, as lender. The commercial bank line provides for a $20.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $0.5 million sub-facility for the issuance of letters of credit and other ancillary banking services. The commercial bank line matures on June 30, 2026. As of September 30, 2024, we had borrowed $10.0 million in revolving loans. We may increase or decrease our borrowings at our discretion with no penalty.
Current wording
We also have a commercial bank line with Stifel Bank that provides for a $20.0 million revolving credit facility, including a $0.5 million sub-facility for the issuance of letters of credit and other ancillary banking services. The commercial bank line matures on June 30, 2026. As of March 31, 2025, we had borrowed $10.0 million in revolving loans. We may increase or decrease our borrowings at our discretion with no penalty.
Previous wording
The Company entered into a vendor financing agreement for multiple launches providing for $27.0 million, of which a portion will be drawn down equally per launch and will be repaid quarterly on a pro-rata basis across a three-year period after each successful launch milestone. Payments will accrue interest at 12.6% per annum, beginning on each launch date. The Company may prepay at any time until the maturity date without premium or penalty. See Note 7—“Debt and Other Financing” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information on our debt and financing arrangements and Note 14—"Commitments and Contingencies" of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information on our contractual obligations.
Current wording
Additionally, we have a vendor financing agreement for multiple satellite launches providing for $27.0 million, of which a portion will be drawn down equally per satellite launch and will be repaid quarterly on a pro-rata basis across a three-year period after each successful launch milestone. Payments will accrue interest at 12.6% per annum, beginning on each launch date. As of March 31, 2025, we estimate we will repay approximately $3.8 million of short-term debt related to the vendor financing agreement in the next 12 months. We may prepay at any time until the maturity date without premium or penalty. See Note 9—“Debt and Other Financing” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information on our debt and financing arrangements and Note 15 - “Commitments and Contingencies” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for further information on our contractual obligations.
Previous wording
The commercial bank line contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, incur debt, grant liens, pay dividends and distributions on our capital stock, make investments and acquisitions, and make capital expenditures, in each case subject to customary exceptions for a loan facility of this size and type. The commercial bank line also contains financial covenants requiring compliance with a minimum revenue covenant, measured at the end of each fiscal quarter, and maintenance, at all times, of unrestricted cash and cash equivalents with Stifel Bank or in controlled accounts in an aggregate amount at least equal to the outstanding obligations under the commercial bank line. If we fail to meet the minimum cash covenant, the commercial bank line provides us with the ability to cure the breach with the deposit of proceeds from the issuance of capital stock or subordinated debt.
Current wording
In addition, the commercial bank line contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants limiting the Company's ability to, among other things, incur debt, grant liens, pay dividends and distributions on its capital stock, make investments and acquisitions, and make capital expenditures, in each case subject to customary exceptions for a loan facility of this size and type. If the Company fails to meet the minimum cash covenant, the commercial bank line provides the Company with the ability to cure the breach with the deposit of proceeds from the issuance of capital stock or subordinated debt.
Previous wording
We continue to generate positive Adjusted EBITDA; however, we cannot be sure our revenues will continue to exceed expenses in the near term due to the ongoing investments we are making in sales, marketing and products to increase our market share. We expect to continue to incur capital expenditures as we procure and launch Gen-3 satellites, as well as investing in our BlackSky Spectra software platform tosignificantly expand our product capabilities in the future. Please refer to the section entitled "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for additional information on our definition of Adjusted EBITDA.
Current wording
We cannot be sure our revenues will exceed expenses in the near term due to the ongoing investments we are making in sales, marketing and products to increase our market share. We expect to continue to incur capital expenditures as we procure and launch Gen-3 satellites, as well as invest in our BlackSky Spectra software platform tosignificantly expand our product capabilities in the future.
Previous wording
As of September 30, 2024, our current assets were $106.5 million, consisting primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and contract assets.
Current wording
As of March 31, 2025, our current assets were $121.3 million, consisting primarily of short-term investments, contract assets, accounts receivable, and cash and cash equivalents.
Previous wording
As of September 30, 2024, our current liabilities were $18.8 million, consisting primarily of accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Accordingly, we have sufficient cash and working capital to fund our short-term liquidity requirements.
Current wording
As of March 31, 2025, our current liabilities were $32.0 million, consisting primarily of accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Accordingly, we have sufficient cash and working capital to fund our short-term liquidity requirements.
Previous wording
We anticipate that our most significant long-term liquidity and capital needs will relate to continued funding of operations, satellite development capital expenditures, launch capital expenditures, and ongoing investments in our BlackSky Spectra software platform and internal infrastructure that will enable us to continue to scale the business efficiently and securely. We can manage the timing for a large part of our capital expenditures, including the design, build, and launch of our new satellites currently under development, to provide us with additional flexibility to optimize our long-term liquidity requirements. Macroeconomic conditions and credit markets could also impact the availability and/or the cost of potential future debt or equity financing.
Current wording
We anticipate that our most significant long-term liquidity and capital needs will relate to continued funding of operations, satellite development capital expenditures, launch capital expenditures, and ongoing investments to optimize our BlackSky Spectra software platform and corporate business and operational systems that will enable us to continue to scale the business efficiently and securely. We can manage the timing for a large part of our capital expenditures, including the design, build, and launch of our new satellites currently under development, to provide us with additional flexibility to optimize our long-term liquidity requirements. Macroeconomic conditions and credit markets could also impact the availability and/or the cost of potential future debt or equity financing.
Previous wording
The following table provides a summary of cash flow data for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. Our short-term liquidity at September 30, 2024 was $64.4 million. Short-term investments of $7.1 million are not classified as cash, cash equivalents, or restricted cash.
Current wording
The following table provides a summary of cash flow data for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Our short-term liquidity at March 31, 2025 was $77.0 million. Short-term investments of $55.1 million are not classified as cash, cash equivalents, or restricted cash.
Previous wording
The change in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to decreased proceeds from the redemption and maturity of $26.7 million of our short-term investments in corporate debt and governmental securities in addition to decreased purchases of these same type of investments of $13.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Comparatively, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we recognized $50.1 million related to the redemption and maturity of short-term investments, largely due to restructuring our banking relationships with new and existing financial institutions; during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we purchased $29.2 million of short-term investments to replace maturing investments.
Current wording
The change in net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to increased purchases of short-term investments in government securities of $28.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 partially offset by the redemption and maturity of $13.0 million of these types of securities during the same period. Comparatively, during the three months ended March 31, 2024, we purchased $9.5 million of short-term investments to replace maturing investments and recognized $9.0 million related to the redemption and maturity of short-term investments.
Previous wording
We continue to have significant cash outflows for satellite procurement and launch related services and incur labor costs for internally developed capitalized software as we add innovative new services and tools to our BlackSky Spectra software platform. The total amount paid for capital expenditures increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as we continue to build and prepare for the launch of our Gen-3 satellites.
Current wording
We continue to have significant cash outflows for satellite procurement and launch related services and incur labor costs for internally developed capitalized software as we add innovative new services and tools to our BlackSky Spectra software platform and our corporate business and operational systems. The total amount paid for capital expenditures decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease resulted from payments to LeoStella as a third party in 2024 as compared to the internal operation costs with LeoStella consolidated as a wholly-owned subsidiary in 2025. We expect for cash outflows for satellite production to increase as we continue to build out our Gen-3 constellation.
Previous wording
The most significant impact on the change in net cash provided by financing activities was the receipt of $47.3 million in proceeds from our equity issuances, net of equity issuance costs, in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to $30.9 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Our equity issuances during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 included a public offering of 11.5 million shares of common stock resulting in $46.0 million in gross proceeds as well as the sale of 0.5 million shares under our ATM offering program which resulted in $4.8 million in gross proceeds. Our equity issuances in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included a private placement of 2.1 million shares, which resulted in $29.4 million in gross proceeds, as well as the sale of 0.2 million shares under our ATM offering program, which resulted in $2.9 million in gross proceeds.
Current wording
The most significant impact on the change in net cash provided by financing activities was the receipt of $5.1 million in proceeds from our equity issuances, net of equity issuance costs, in the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to $1.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our equity issuances during the three months ended March 31, 2025 consisted of the sale of 0.6 million shares under our ATM offering program which resulted in $5.4 million in gross proceeds, as compared to the sale of 0.1 million shares in the three months ended March 31, 2024, which resulted in $1.4 million in gross proceeds.
Previous wording
We evidence approval of the contract with the customer with dual signatures or approved purchase orders that detail the rights of each party and define payment terms. We also consider the probability of collectability in our assessment, specifically the presence of any collectability issues as the significant majority of our customers are domestic or international governments.
Current wording
We evidence approval of the contract with the customer with dual signatures or approved purchase orders that detail the rights of each party and define payment terms. We have never had significant collection issues on contracts with new or recurring domestic and international government customers and we consider this historical trend when assessing the collectability risk for contracts with bespoke effective terms.
Previous wording
We execute contracts for a single promise or multiple promises. Specifically, our firm-fixed price contracts typically include multiple promises which may be accounted for as separate performance obligations if they are capable of being distinct within the context of the contract. Significant judgment is required in determining performance obligations, including if some of the customized services are highly-interrelated, and these decisions could change the amount of revenue and profit or loss recorded in each period.
Current wording
We execute contracts for a single promise or multiple promises. Specifically, our firm-fixed price contracts may include multiple promises which may be accounted for as separate performance obligations if they are capable of being distinct within the context of the contract. Significant judgment is required in determining performance obligations, including if some of the customized services are highly-interrelated, and these decisions could change the amount of revenue and profit or loss recorded in each period.
Previous wording
We classify revenue as imagery and software analytical services, and professional and engineering services in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income based on the predominant attributes of the performance obligations.
Current wording
We classify revenue as imagery and software analytical services, and professional and engineering services in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss based on the predominant attributes of the performance obligations.
Previous wording
Each customer contract sets forth the transaction price for the products and services purchased under the arrangement. We estimate any variable consideration, and whether the transaction price is constrained, upon execution of each contract. We may adjust the transaction price over time for any estimated constraints that become probable based on service level provisions within some of our customer purchase orders. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we evaluate whether the stated selling prices for the products or services represent their standalone selling prices. When it is necessary to allocate the transaction price to multiple performance obligations, management uses the listed price for imagery and analytics subscriptions and the expected cost plus a reasonable profit margin to estimate the standalone selling price of each product or service, which is mostly professional services.
Current wording
Each customer contract sets forth the transaction price for the products and services purchased under the arrangement. We estimate any variable consideration, and whether the transaction price is constrained, upon execution of each contract. We may adjust the transaction price over time for any estimated constraints that become probable based on service level provisions within some of our customer purchase orders. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we evaluate whether the stated selling prices for the products or services represent their standalone selling prices. When it is necessary to allocate the transaction price to multiple performance obligations, management uses the volume adjusted list price for imagery and analytics subscriptions and the expected cost plus a reasonable profit margin to estimate the standalone selling price of each product or service, which is mostly professional services.
Previous wording
Imagery and analytics revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period based on the promise to continuously provide contractual satellite capacity for tasked imagery or software analytical services at the discretion of the customer. Professional and engineering services revenue is generated from time and materials basis contracts, firm-fixed price service solutions contracts and firm-fixed price long-term engineering and construction contracts. Due to the long-term nature of some of our engineering and construction contracts, we recognize revenue over time using a cost-to-complete measure of progress because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as we incur costs on the contracts. Under this measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs to complete the performance obligation(s). The estimation of total estimated costs at completion is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. We recognize changes in the estimation of total costs at completion on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the changes are identified. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in a prior period. If at any time, the estimate of contract profitability indicates a probable anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss as and when known.
Current wording
Imagery and analytics revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period based on the promise to continuously provide contractual satellite capacity for tasked imagery or software analytical services at the discretion of the customer. Professional and engineering services revenue is generated from time and materials basis contracts, cost-plus contracts, firm-fixed price service solutions contracts and firm-fixed price long-term engineering and construction contracts. Due to the long-term nature of some of our engineering and construction contracts, we recognize revenue over time using a cost-to-complete measure of progress because it best depicts the transfer of control to the customer as we incur costs on the contracts. Under this measure of progress, the extent of progress towards completion is measured based on the ratio of costs incurred to date to the total estimated costs to complete the performance obligation(s). The estimation of total estimated costs at completion is subject to many variables and requires significant judgment. We recognize changes in the estimation of total costs at completion on a cumulative catch-up basis in the period in which the changes are identified. Such changes in estimates can result in the recognition of revenue in a current period for performance obligations which were satisfied or partially satisfied in a prior period. If at any time, the estimate of contract profitability indicates a probable anticipated loss on the contract, we recognize the total loss as and when known.
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