Babcock & Wilcox Enterprises, Inc.

Previous wording

The following discussion includes a comparison of Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. We have also included a comparison of the Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 for all of our segment discussions below. Unless otherwise noted, discussion of our business and results of operations in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refers to our continuing operations. For additional comparison of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, see Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 as filed on March 15, 2024 and amended on March 26, 2024. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP. Our discussion of financial results include non-GAAP measures (e.g., foreign currency impact, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA) to provide additional information concerning our financial results that we believe is useful to the readers of our financial statements in the assessment of our performance and operating trends. Unless otherwise noted, discussion of our business and results of operations refers to our continuing operations.

Current wording

The following discussion includes a comparison of Results of Operations and Liquidity and Capital Resources for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. We have also included a comparison of the Results of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP. Our discussion of financial results include non-GAAP measures (e.g., foreign currency impact, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA) to provide additional information concerning our financial results that we believe is useful to the readers of our financial statements in the assessment of our performance and operating trends. Unless otherwise noted, discussion of our business and results of operations in this Annual Report on Form 10-K refers to our continuing operations.

Previous wording

We are a globally focused renewable, environmental and thermal technologies provider with over 155 years of experience providing diversified energy and emissions control solutions to a broad range of industrial, electrical utility, municipal and other customers. Our innovative products and services are organized into three market-facing reporting segments. For a description of our reportable segments see Item 1, Business of this Form 10-K.

Current wording

We are a globally focused energy technologies provider with nearly 160 years of experience providing diversified energy and emissions control solutions to a broad range of industrial, electrical utility, municipal and other customers. Our innovative products and services are organized in one reporting segment. For a description of our reportable segment see Item 1, Business of this Form 10-K.

Previous wording

Customer demand is heavily affected by the variations in our customers' business cycles, power demand in their operating territories, and by the overall economies and energy, environmental and noise abatement needs of the countries in which they

Current wording

Customer demand is heavily affected by the variations in our customers' business cycles, power demand in their operating territories, and by the overall economies, energy, environmental and regulatory requirements of the countries in which they

Previous wording

We have manufacturing facilities in Canada, Mexico, the United States and the United Kingdom. Many aspects of our operations and properties could be affected by political developments, environmental regulations and operating risks. These and other factors may have a material impact on our international and domestic operations or our business as a whole.

Current wording

We have manufacturing facilities in Canada, Mexico and the United States. Many aspects of our operations and properties could be affected by political developments, environmental regulations and operating risks. These and other factors may have a material impact on our international and domestic operations or our business as a whole.

Previous wording

We continue to explore other cost saving initiatives to improve cash generation and evaluate additional non-core business and asset sales to continue to strengthen our liquidity. These have been and may continue to be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainty materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate.

Current wording

Through our restructuring efforts, we have made and will continue working to make significant progress reducing costs and improving profitability. We continue to explore other cost saving initiatives and in conjunction with top-line growth driven by opportunities for our core technologies, we will continue to improve cash generation and strengthen our liquidity. These initiatives have been and may continue to be important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those indicated in these financial statements. If one or more events related to these or other risks or uncertainty materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ materially from what we anticipate.

Previous wording

During the third quarter of 2023, we committed to a plan to sell our B&W Solar business resulting in a significant change that would impact our operations. As of September 30, 2023, we met all of the criteria for the assets and liabilities of this business, formerly part of our B&W Renewable segment, to be accounted for as held for sale. In addition, we also determined that the operations of the B&W Solar business qualified as a discontinued operation, primarily based upon its significance to our current and historic operating losses. The decision to sell the B&W Solar business, along with the significant increase in estimated costs to complete the B&W Solar loss contracts, resulted in a triggering event that required us to immediately perform certain valuations. Certain trade accounts receivable and contract assets were determined to be uncollectible, resulting in charges of $17.6 million. During 2023, we recognized an impairment of $56.6 million, or the entire balance of goodwill associated with B&W Solar. These charges have been included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impairment charges and additional contract losses during theyear ended December 31, 2023 totaled$56.6 million and$44.1 million, respectively.

Current wording

During the third quarter of 2023, we committed to a plan to sell our B&W Solar business, resulting in a significant change that would impact our operations. As of September 30, 2023, we met all of the criteria for the assets and liabilities of this business to be accounted for as held for sale. In addition, we also determined that the operations of the B&W Solar business qualified as a discontinued operation, primarily based upon its significance to our current and historic operating losses. The decision to sell the B&W Solar business, along with the significant increase in estimated costs to complete the B&W Solar loss contracts, resulted in a triggering event that required us to immediately perform certain valuations. Certain trade accounts receivable and contract assets were determined to be uncollectible, resulting in charges of $17.6 million. During 2023, we recognized an impairment of $56.6 million, or the entire balance of goodwill associated with B&W Solar. These charges have been included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The decrease in revenue and operating margin is a result of the focus on the sale of the business in 2024 and 2025.

Previous wording

In addition to the B&W Solar and Vølund businesses, discontinued operations include the following subsidiaries divested in 2024: BWRS, SPIG, and GMAB. These sale transactions were part of a previously announced strategy to divest certain non-core businesses to reduce our debt, improve our balance sheet and increase liquidity. Results of operations and cash flows for these businesses and the financial position of the divested subsidiaries are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the notes to the financial statements have been adjusted on a retrospective basis.

Current wording

In addition to the ASH, Diamond Power, Vølund and B&W Solar businesses, discontinued operations include the following subsidiaries divested in 2024: BWRS, SPIG, and GMAB. These sale transactions were part of a previously announced strategy to divest certain non-core businesses to reduce our debt, improve our balance sheet and increase liquidity. Results of operations and cash flows for these businesses and the financial position of the divested subsidiaries are reported as discontinued operations for all periods presented and the notes to the financial statements have been adjusted on a retrospective basis. For more information, see Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Previous wording

Revenues in the B&W Thermal segment decreased $1.3 million, to$497.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to$499.2 million generated in 2023. The decrease is primarily driven by a $27.1 million decrease in the U.S. construction business as a result of a large construction project finishing in 2023 that was not fully replicated in 2024, offset partially by a large natural gas project of $16.7 million starting execution in 2024 as well as larger volume of Canadian repair and maintenance work in 2024 of $9.1 million.

Current wording

Revenues decreased by $6.4 million to $581.0 million in 2024 compared to $587.4 million in 2023. The decrease is primarily driven by a $27.1 million decrease in the U.S. construction business as a result of a large construction project finishing in 2023 that was not fully replicated in 2024, offset partially by a large natural gas project of $16.7 million starting execution in 2024.

Previous wording

(Gain) loss on asset sales, net

Current wording

(Gain) loss on asset disposals, net decreased in 2024 compared to 2023 relating to minor disposals in 2024.

Previous wording

Operating income increased $8.5 million from $16.6 million in 2023 to $25.1 million in 2024, primarily due to higher volume related to a natural gas conversion project, environmental projects as well as lower expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $11.7 million due to a large project in our U.S. construction business that was completed in 2023 and not fully replaced in 2024 in our B&W Thermal segment.

Current wording

Operating loss decreased by $13.7 million to $6.3 million in 2024 compared to $20.1 million in 2023, primarily due to higher volume related to a natural gas conversion project, environmental projects as well as lower expenses, partially offset by a decrease of $11.7 million due to a large project in our U.S. construction business that was completed in 2023 and not fully replaced in 2024.

Previous wording

Net loss from continuing operations decreased by $2.8 million to $73.0 million in 2024 from $75.8 million in 2023, driven by increased operating income (as discussed in the paragraph above) and offset by a loss on debt extinguishment of $7.3 million attributable to terminating the Revolving and Letter of Credit Agreements with PNC and MSD.

Current wording

Loss from continuing operations decreased by $4.9 million to $104.3 million in 2024 compared to $109.2 million in 2023, driven by decreased operating loss (as discussed in the paragraph above) and partially offset by a loss on debt extinguishment of $7.3 million attributable to terminating the Revolving and Letter of Credit Agreements with PNC and MSD.

Previous wording

Interest expense in our Consolidated Financial Statements consisted of the following components:

Current wording

Interest expense in the Consolidated Financial Statements consisted of the following components:

Previous wording

The increase in interest expense is driven by increased borrowings in 2024 when compared to 2023.

Current wording

The increase in interest expense in 2024 compared to 2023 is driven by increased borrowings on our revolving credit facility.

Previous wording

Our effective tax rate reflects a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in jurisdictions other than Mexico, Canada, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, the United Kingdom, and Sweden.

Current wording

Our effective tax rate reflects a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in jurisdictions other than Mexico, Canada, Brazil, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and the United Kingdom.

Previous wording

The change in our income tax expense in 2024 compared to 2023 is primarily attributable to an increase in valuation allowances, a change in the Company's permanent investment assertion and an unfavorable resolution of a foreign income tax matter.

Current wording

The change in our income tax rate in 2025 compared to 2024 is primarily attributable to non-deductible items related to the dissolution and divestiture of certain entities, an increase in our valuation allowance and the difference between statutory and foreign jurisdictions. The change in our income tax rate in 2024 compared to 2023 is primarily attributable to an increase in valuation allowances, a change in the Company's permanent investment assertion and an unfavorable resolution of a foreign income tax matter.

Previous wording

Bookings and backlog are our measures of remaining performance obligations under our sales contracts. Management believes these metrics provide investors, lenders and other users of our financial statements with a leading indicator of future revenues. It is possible that our methodology for determining bookings and backlog may not be comparable to methods used by other companies.

Current wording

Bookings and backlog are our measures of remaining performance obligations under our sales contracts. We believe these metrics provide investors, lenders and other users of our financial statements with a leading indicator of future revenues. It is possible that our methodology for determining bookings and backlog may not be comparable to methods used by other companies.

Previous wording

We generally include expected revenue from contracts in our backlog when we receive written confirmation from our customers authorizing the performance of work and committing the customers to payment for work performed. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results, and contracts in our backlog may be canceled, modified or otherwise altered by customers. Backlog can vary significantly from period to period, particularly when large new-build conversion projects or operations and maintenance contracts are booked because they may be fulfilled over multiple years. Because we operate globally, our backlog is also affected by changes in foreign currencies each period.

Current wording

We generally include expected revenue from contracts in our backlog when we receive written confirmation from our customers authorizing the performance of work and committing our customers to pay for work performed. Backlog may not be indicative of future operating results, and contracts in our backlog may be canceled, modified or otherwise altered by customers. Backlog can vary significantly from period to period, particularly when large new-build conversion projects or operations and maintenance contracts are booked because they may be fulfilled over multiple years. Because we operate globally, our backlog is also affected by changes in foreign currencies each period.

Previous wording

Bookings include additions related to new business or increases in project scope, subtractions due to customer cancellations or reductions in project scope, changes in estimates that affect selling price and revaluation of backlog denominated in foreign currency. We believe comparing bookings on a quarterly basis or for periods less than one year is less meaningful than for longer periods, and that shorter-term changes in bookings may not necessarily indicate a material trend.

Current wording

Bookings represent changes to the backlog. Bookings include additions related to new business or increases in project scope, subtractions due to customer cancellations or reductions in project scope, changes in estimates that affect selling price and revaluation of backlog denominated in foreign currency. We believe comparing bookings on a quarterly basis or for periods less than one year is less meaningful than for longer periods, and that shorter-term changes in bookings may not necessarily indicate a material trend.

Previous wording

Total bookings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

Current wording

Total bookings as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:

Previous wording

We use non-GAAP financial measures internally to evaluate our performance and make financial and operational decisions. When viewed in conjunction with GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliations, we believe that the presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency and a greater understanding of factors affecting our financial position and results of operations than GAAP measures alone. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Current wording

In addition to Loss from continuing operations, we use non-GAAP financial measures internally to evaluate our performance and make financial and operational decisions. When viewed in conjunction with GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliations, we believe that the presentation of these measures provides investors with greater transparency and a greater understanding of factors affecting our financial position and results of operations than GAAP measures alone. The presentation of non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Previous wording

The following discussion of our business segment results of operations includes a discussion of Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA differs from the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of net loss, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA is included below. Management believes that this financial measure is useful to investors because it excludes certain expenses, allowing investors to more easily compare our financial performance period to period. When viewed in conjunction with GAAP results and the accompanying reconciliation in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we believe the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with greater transparency and a greater understanding of factors affecting our financial position and results of operations than GAAP measures alone.

Current wording

The following discussion of our business segment results of operations includes a discussion of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA focuses on the earnings generated from core business operations, without considering the effects of financing, accounting decisions or tax. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA differ from the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of Loss from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is included below. Management believes that this financial measure is useful to investors because it excludes certain expenses, allowing investors to more easily compare our financial performance period to period. When viewed in conjunction with GAAP results, we believe the presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with greater transparency and a greater understanding of factors affecting our financial position and results of operations than GAAP measures alone.

Previous wording

We recognize benefits from our defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans based on actuarial calculations primarily because our expected return on assets is greater than our service cost. Service cost is low because our plan benefits are frozen except for a small number of hourly participants.

Current wording

We recognize benefits from our defined benefit and other postretirement benefit plans based on actuarial calculations primarily because our expected return on assets is greater than our service cost. Service cost is low because our plan benefits are frozen.

Previous wording

Restructuring activities and business services transition actions across our business units and corporate functions primarily consist of severance and related costs associated with non-recurring actions taken to transform our operations with impacts on employees and facilities used in our businesses. Business services transition costs relate to new technology implementation, expected to provide future benefit and are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Current wording

Restructuring activities and business services transition actions across our business units and corporate functions primarily consist of severance and related costs associated with non-recurring actions taken to transform our operations with impacts on employees and facilities used in our businesses. Business services transition costs relate to new technology implementation, expected to provide future benefit and are included in Cost of operations and SG&A expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Previous wording

Settlement and related legal costs (recoveries)

Current wording

Settlements and related legal costs (recoveries)

Previous wording

For further discussion see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Current wording

Settlements and related legal costs (recoveries) relate to expenses associated with resolving legal disputes, whether through negotiated settlements or court judgments. For further discussion see Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Previous wording

We translate assets and liabilities of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates, and we translate items in our Consolidated Statement of Operations at average exchange rates for the periods presented. We record adjustments resulting from the translation of foreign currency amounts as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. We report foreign currency transaction gains (losses) in income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Management excludes these expenses from Adjusted EBITDA as they do not reflect the ordinary course of business and are inherently unpredictable in timing and amount.

Current wording

We translate assets and liabilities of our foreign operations into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates, and we translate items in our Consolidated Statement of Operations at average exchange rates for the periods presented. We report foreign currency transaction gains (losses) in income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Management excludes these expenses from Adjusted EBITDA as they do not reflect the ordinary course of business and are inherently unpredictable in timing and amount.

Previous wording

Our primary liquidity requirements include debt service, funding dividends on preferred stock and working capital needs. We fund our liquidity requirements primarily through cash generated from operations, external sources of financing, including our Credit Agreement, senior notes, and equity offerings, and our Preferred Stock, each of which are described below and in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report in further detail.

Current wording

Our primary liquidity requirements include debt service, funding dividends on Preferred Stock and working capital needs. We fund our liquidity requirements primarily through cash generated from operations, external sources of financing, including our Credit Agreement, senior notes, and equity offerings, and our Preferred Stock, each of which are described below and in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report in further detail. We believe that our current operating plan and borrowings available under our Credit Agreement will be sufficient to satisfy our foreseeable liquidity needs and capital expenditure requirements, including for at least the next twelve months. We may elect to raise additional capital through the sale of additional equity or debt financing to fund business activities such as strategic acquisitions, capital expenditures, working capital needs or other purposes beyond the next twelve months. Additional financing may not be available on terms favorable to the Company or at all, and may also be impacted by any disruptions in the financial markets. In addition, the Company's existing indebtedness could limit its ability to obtain additional financing.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, our cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaled $131.1 million, and we had total debt of $473.9 million as well as $191.7 million of gross preferred stock outstanding. Our foreign business locations held $20.8 million of our total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of December 31, 2024. In general, our foreign cash balances are not available to fund our U.S. operations unless the funds are repatriated or used to repay intercompany loans made from the U.S. to foreign entities, which could expose us to taxes we have not made a provision for in our results of operations. We have no plans to repatriate these funds to the U.S. In addition, we had $89.3 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2024 related to collateral for certain letters of credit as part of funding for several ongoing projects.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, our cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaled $201.4 million, and we had total debt of $321.1 million as well as $191.7 million of gross Preferred Stock outstanding. Our foreign business locations held $9.0 million of our total cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of December 31, 2025. In general, our foreign cash balances are not available to fund our U.S. operations unless the funds are repatriated or used to repay intercompany loans made from the U.S. to foreign entities, which could expose us to taxes we have not made a provision for in our results of operations. We have no plans to repatriate these funds to the U.S. We had $66.8 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2025 related to collateral for certain letters of credit as part of funding for several ongoing projects.

Previous wording

Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $110.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to proceeds from the sale of businesses and assets of $120.9 million, partially offset by $11.2 million of capital expenditures. Cash flows used in investing activities totaled $7.9 million in the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily due to $9.8 million of capital expenditures, partially offset by net proceeds from transactions in available-for-sale securities of $2.0 million.

Current wording

Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $197.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily due to proceeds from the sale of businesses of $216.3 million, partially offset by purchases of fixed assets primarily relating to BrightLoop™projects. Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $110.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily related to $120.9 million of proceeds from our divestitures, partially offset by $11.2 million of capital expenditures primarily relating to BrightLoop™projects.

Previous wording

Cash flows provided by financing activities was $69.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily related to net borrowings of $93.7 million, partially offset by payments of preferred stock dividends of $18.6 million and debt issuance costs of $8.5 million. Cash flows provided by financing activities of $8.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, primarily related to net borrowings of $25.9 million, partially offset by payments of preferred stock dividends of $11.1 million and payment of holdback funds related to an acquisition of $2.8 million.

Current wording

Cash flows used in financing activities was $58.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2025, primarily related to the redemption of our Senior Notes due 2026 of $110.7 million, net repayments on the Axos Credit Agreement of $54.3 million and payments of Preferred Stock dividends of $14.9 million, partially offset by proceeds of $130.1 million pursuant to our at-the-market offerings as described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Cash flows provided by financing activities of $69.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily related to the net borrowings on the Axos Credit Agreement of $93.7 million, partially offset by Preferred Stock dividend payments of $18.6 million and debt issuance costs of $8.5 million.

Previous wording

As described in Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, we entered into a Credit Agreement in January 2024. B. Riley, a related party, has provided a guaranty of payment with regard to our obligations under the Credit Agreement. This agreement substantially replaces the existing Reimbursement Agreement, Revolving Credit Agreement and Letter of Credit Agreement. We completed the transition of letters of credit outstanding under the Letter of Credit Agreement and Reimbursement Agreement to the Credit Agreement in August 2024. Information related to our Debt and Credit Facilities is described in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference.

Current wording

As described in Note 15 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included herein, we entered into a Credit Agreement in January 2024. This agreement substantially replaces the existing Reimbursement Agreement, Revolving Credit Agreement and Letter of Credit Agreement. We completed the transition of letters of credit outstanding under the Letter of Credit Agreement and Reimbursement Agreement to the Credit Agreement in August 2024. Information related to our Debt and Credit Facilities is described in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated herein by reference.

Previous wording

Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation and amortization of assets cease upon designation as held for sale. Discontinued operations comprise activities that were disposed of, discontinued or held for sale at the end of the period, represent a separate major line of business that can be clearly distinguished for operational and financial reporting purposes and represent a strategic business shift having a major effect on our operations and financial results according to ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. We have included all of the revenues and expenses for B&W Solar, BWRS, SPIG, GMAB and Vølund businesses as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and all assets and liabilities as held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Current wording

Assets and liabilities classified as held for sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Depreciation and amortization of assets cease upon designation as held for sale. Discontinued operations comprise activities that were disposed of, discontinued or held for sale at the end of the period, represent a separate major line of business that can be clearly distinguished for operational and financial reporting purposes and represent a strategic business shift having a major effect on our operations and financial results according to ASC 205, Presentation of Financial Statements. We have included all of the revenues and expenses for B&W Solar, BWRS, SPIG, GMAB, Vølund, Diamond Power and ASH businesses as discontinued operations in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and all assets and liabilities as held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024. No assets or liabilities were held for sale in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2025. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report for further discussion.

Previous wording

We recognize accrued claims in contract revenues for additional work or changes in the scope of work to the extent of costs incurred when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be reasonably estimated and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for enforcing the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred and whether those costs are identifiable or otherwise determinable, the nature and reasonableness of those costs, the objective evidence available to support the amount of the claim, and the relevant history with the counterparty that supports expectations about their willingness and ability to pay for the additional cost along with a reasonable margin. Claims receivable at December 31, 2024 and 2023 were not significant in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Current wording

We recognize accrued claims in contract revenues for additional work or changes in the scope of work to the extent of costs incurred when we believe we have an enforceable right to the modification or claim, the amount can be reasonably estimated and its realization is probable. In evaluating these criteria, we consider the contractual/legal basis for enforcing the claim, the cause of any additional costs incurred and whether those costs are identifiable or otherwise determinable, the nature and reasonableness of those costs, the objective evidence available to support the amount of the claim, and the relevant history with the counterparty that supports expectations about their willingness and ability to pay for the additional cost along with a reasonable margin. Claims receivable were not significant at December 31, 2025 and 2024.

Previous wording

We sponsor various defined benefit pension and postretirement plans covering certain employees of our U.S., Canadian and U.K. subsidiaries and use actuarial valuations to calculate the cost and benefit obligations of pension and postretirement benefits. The actuarial valuations use significant assumptions in the determination of benefit cost and obligations, including assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, mortality and health care cost trends.

Current wording

We sponsor various defined benefit pension and postretirement plans covering certain employees of our U.S. and Canadian subsidiaries and use actuarial valuations to calculate the cost and benefit obligations of pension and postretirement benefits. The actuarial valuations use significant assumptions in the determination of benefit cost and obligations, including assumptions regarding discount rates, expected returns on plan assets, mortality and health care cost trends.

Previous wording

As of December 2015, we have ceased all of our various plans but continue to accrue benefits for those employees still eligible prior to the cessation of these plans.

Current wording

As of 2015, we have ceased all of our various plans but continue to accrue benefits for those employees still eligible prior to the cessation of these plans. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report for further discussion.

Previous wording

We estimate liabilities for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable. Disclosures are provided when there is a reasonable possibility that the ultimate loss will exceed the recorded provision or if such probable loss is not reasonably estimable. We currently are involved in significant litigation, as discussed in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. As disclosed, we have accrued estimates of the probable losses associated with these matters; however, these matters are typically resolved over long periods of time and are often difficult to estimate due to the factors included in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. Consequently, it is possible future earnings could be affected by changes in our assessment of the probability that a loss has been incurred in a material pending litigation against us and/or changes in estimates related to such matters.

Current wording

We estimate liabilities for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimable. Disclosures are provided when there is a reasonable possibility that the ultimate loss will exceed the recorded provision or if such probable loss is not reasonably estimable. Currently we do not expect that any of our litigation proceedings, disputes and claims will have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, as discussed in Note 20 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. Where applicable, we have accrued estimates of the probable losses associated with these matters; however, these matters are typically resolved over long periods of time and are often difficult to estimate due to the factors included in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report. Consequently, it is possible future earnings could be affected by changes in our assessment of the probability that a loss has been incurred in material pending litigation against us and/or changes in estimates related to such matters.