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BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc.

For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Mar 25, 2025.

View on SEC.gov

About this filing

A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.

FY2024 · Filed Mar 25, 2025

BBAI$2.220.0%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026

What changed in Risk Factors?

Read the current filing

Previous report: 10-K

Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-03-15.

0001628280-24-011538

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Current report: 10-K

Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-03-25.

0001628280-25-014752

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.

Compared 607 previous paragraphs and 590 current paragraphs.

440 unchanged; 104 reworded; 43 added; 55 removed; 8 previous and 3 current paragraphs rearranged.

Tables are not compared: 0 previous and 0 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.

A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.

Added paragraphs (43)

Current report

•the U.S. government’s budget deficit and the national debt, as well as any inability of the U.S. government to complete its budget process for any government fiscal year and consequently having to shut down or operate on funding levels equivalent to its prior fiscal year;

Current report

•issues raised by the use of AI (including machine learning) in our platforms and business may result in reputational harm or liability;

Current report

•the effect of economic uncertainty, including high inflation, reduced spending or suspension of investment in new or enhanced projects, and concerns of economic depression or recession;

Current report

•natural disasters, geopolitical conflicts, or other natural or man-made catastrophic events could disrupt and impact our business;

Current report

Indemnity provisions in various agreements to which we are a party potentially expose us to substantial liability for infringement, misappropriation or other violation of intellectual property rights, data protection and other losses.

Current report

Our agreements with our customers and other third parties may include indemnification provisions under which we agree to indemnify or otherwise be liable for losses suffered or incurred as a result of certain claims relating to or arising from our software, services, platform, our acts or omissions under such agreements or other contractual obligations. In some cases, the liability is not limited and we may still incur substantial liability related to such agreements, and we may be required to cease providing certain functions or features on our platform as a result of any such claims. Even if we succeed in contractually limiting our liability, such limitations may not be enforceable. Any dispute with a customer or other third party with respect to such obligations could have adverse effects on our relationship with such customer or other third party and other existing or prospective customers, reduce demand for our platform and adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations. In addition, our insurance may not be adequate to indemnify us for all liability that may be imposed on us or otherwise protect us from liabilities or damages with respect to claims, including claims on such matters as alleged compromises of customer data, which may be substantial. Any such coverage may not continue to be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

Current report

•changes in the fair value of derivatives, including the convertible features of our 2029 Convertible Notes and our 2026 Convertible Notes, that are remeasured quarterly

Current report

•incur indebtedness or liens;

Current report

•make restricted payments;

Current report

•issue preferred stock or disqualified stock;

Current report

•transact with affiliates;

Current report

•sell material intellectual property; and

Current report

•make investments or dispositions.

Current report

As of December 31, 2024, the remaining principal on the 2026 Convertible Notes is approximately $17.7 million and these notes mature on December 15, 2026. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining principal on the 2029 Convertible Notes is approximately $182.3 million and these notes mature on December 15, 2029.

Current report

Further, the U.S. Supreme Court recently overruled the Chevron doctrine, which gives deference to regulatory agencies’ statutory interpretations in litigation against federal government agencies where the law is ambiguous. This Supreme Court decision may invite more companies and stakeholders to bring lawsuits against government agencies to challenge how such agencies pursue enforcement and compliance actions. However, we cannot predict the full impact of this decision, future judicial challenges that may be brought, or the nature or extent of government regulation that may arise from future legislation or administrative action.

Current report

Risks Related to the Convertible Notes

Current report

•possibly placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and

Current report

•incur indebtedness or liens;

Current report

•make restricted payments;

Current report

•issue preferred stock or disqualified stock;

Current report

•transact with affiliates;

Current report

•sell material intellectual property; and

Current report

•make investments or dispositions

Current report

Our Indenture governing our 2029 Convertible Notes also require us to comply with a minimum liquidity covenant. Our Indenture governing our 2026 Convertible Notes and related documents do not contain covenants similar to those described above, but both of our Indentures governing our Convertible Notes contain a substantially similar covenant that restricts our ability to consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the 2026 Convertible Notes and 2029 Convertible Notes, respectively.

Current report

On December 19, 2024 we entered into privately negotiated exchange agreements (each, an “Exchange Agreement”) with a limited number of holders of our 2026 Convertible Notes, to exchange the 2026 Convertible Notes for new senior secured convertible notes due 2029 (the “2029 Convertible Notes”, together with the 2026 Convertible Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). The conversion rate is 281.4491 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2029 Convertible Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of $3.553 per share of our common stock. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indentures to the Convertible Notes) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time. The 2029 Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of (i) 6.0% per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 7.0% per annum, if we elect, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of our common stock. To the extent that the certain liquidity conditions of us and our subsidiaries is not satisfied as of the last business day of any calendar month, then with respect to the period applicable to the interest payment date immediately following the month in which such liquidity condition is not satisfied, the interest rate will be (i) 9.00% per annum, if interest is paid in cash and (ii) 10.00% per annum, if we elect, subject to certain conditions, to pay interest in kind with shares of our common stock (it being understood that such increased rate shall apply solely for such six-month period applicable to such interest payment date).

Current report

We have certain financial instruments, including warrants and the convertible features of our 2029 Convertible Notes and 2026 Convertible Notes, that are accounted for in accordance with the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The financial instruments that are accounted for as derivatives include the 2029 Notes Conversion Option, the 2026 Notes Conversion Option, IPO private warrants, Private Placement (“PIPE”) warrants, and warrants issued under the registered direct offering (“RDO warrants”). These financial instruments do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and are classified as liabilities measured at fair value.

Current report

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 we recognized net losses of $107.7 million and $7.4 million respectively, related to changes in the fair value of these financial instruments, with such changes presented in net increase (decrease) in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

Current report

The estimated fair value of our derivative liabilities related to our warrants, including the 2024 RDO Warrants, the 2024 PIPE Warrants, and the IPO Private Warrants was $54.7 million as of December 31, 2024. The 2024 RDO Warrants and 2024 PIPE Warrants were fully exercised during the first quarter of 2025.

Current report

The estimated fair value of our derivative liabilities related to our 2029 Convertible Notes was $115.8 million as of December 31, 2024. As of the date of this filing, approximately $57.7 million of the 2029 Convertible Notes have been voluntarily converted by noteholders.

Current report

Increasing attention to, and evolving expectations for, environmental, social, and governance (“ESG”) initiatives could increase our costs, harm our reputation, or otherwise adversely impact our business.

Current report

Companies across industries are facing increasing scrutiny from a variety of stakeholders related to their ESG practices. Expectations regarding voluntary ESG initiatives and disclosures may result in increased costs (including but not limited to increased costs related to compliance, stakeholder engagement, contracting, and insurance), changes in demand for certain offerings, enhanced compliance or disclosure obligations, or other adverse impacts to our business, financial condition, or results of operations. While we may at times engage in voluntary initiatives (such as voluntary disclosures, certifications, or goals, among others) to improve the ESG profile of our company and/or offerings or to respond to stakeholder demands, such initiatives may be costly and may not have the desired effect. Expectations around companies’ management of ESG matters continue to evolve rapidly, in many instances due to factors that are out of our control. We may experience pressure to make commitments relating to ESG matters that affect us; however, we may not agree that particular initiatives will be appropriate for our business, and we may not be able to implement such initiatives because of potential costs or technical or operational obstacles, which may adversely impact our reputation or stakeholder relations. If we do not, or are perceived by stakeholders to not, take sufficient action to respond to ESG matters, we may be subject to investor or regulator engagement on our ESG initiatives and disclosures, even if such initiatives are currently voluntary.

Current report

Certain market participants, including major institutional investors and capital providers, use third-party benchmarks and scores to assess companies’ ESG profiles in making investment or voting decisions. Unfavorable ESG ratings could lead to increased negative investor sentiment towards us, which could negatively impact our share price as well as our access to and cost of capital. To the extent ESG matters negatively impact our reputation, it may also impede our ability to compete as effectively to attract and retain employees or customers, which may adversely impact our operations. In addition, we expect there will likely be increasing levels of regulation, disclosure-related and otherwise, with respect to ESG matters. For example, the SEC has proposed requirements to disclose a variety of climate-related information, in addition to other rules, which could require us to incur significant costs for monitoring and compliance. This and other regulations will likely lead to increased costs as well as scrutiny that could heighten all of the risks identified in this risk factor. Additionally, many of our customers and suppliers may be subject to similar expectations, which may augment or create additional risks, including risks that may not be known to us.

Current report

Our business depends on the economic health of our current and prospective customers and overall demand for technology. In addition, the purchase of our software and services is often discretionary and typically involves a significant commitment of capital and other resources. Global economic and business activities continue to face widespread macroeconomic uncertainties, including labor shortages and supply chain disruptions, inflation, interest rate fluctuations, bank failures and monetary supply shifts, as well as recession risks, which may continue for an extended period and which could result in our customer prospects and our existing customers experiencing slowdowns in their businesses, which in turn may result in reduced demand for our products, lengthening of sales cycles, loss of customers, and difficulties in collections. Our vendors and suppliers may experience, or may continue to experience, disruptions in their supply chains, which may result in service interruptions or additional operating expenses, and may increase the price at which our vendors and suppliers are willing to sell their products to us. Over the past two years, the United States, the EU, and the U.K. have experienced historically high levels of inflation. In response to high levels of inflation and recession fears, the U.S. Federal Reserve, the European Central Bank, and the Bank of England have raised, and may continue to raise, interest rates and implement fiscal policy interventions. Even if these interventions lower inflation, they may also reduce economic growth rates, create a recession, and have other similar effects. A further downturn in economic conditions, global political and economic uncertainty, a lack of availability of credit, a reduction in business confidence and activity, the curtailment of government or corporate spending, public health concerns or emergencies, financial market volatility, and other factors have in the past and may in the future affect the industries to which we sell our software and services. Our customers may suffer from reduced operating budgets, which could cause them to defer or forego purchases of our software or services.

Current report

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting that has resulted in the restatement of the Restated Financial Statements. If we are unable to remediate the material weakness, or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future or otherwise fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures, it may result in future material misstatements of our consolidated financial statements or cause us to fail to meet our periodic reporting obligations, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Current report

•We have not consistently executed our technical accounting review policies, inclusive of the application of certain interpretations subject to significant judgement or differences in interpretation, at a precision level sufficient to achieve complete, accurate and timely financial accounting, reporting and disclosures of certain non-routine, unusual, or complex transactions.

Current report

During the year ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company issued warrants to purchase up to 22,800,000 and 14,800,000, respectively, shares of Common Stock in connection with certain Registered Direct and Private Placement Offerings. As of the date of this filing, the aforementioned warrants have been fully exercised by the holder resulting in the issuance of a total of 37,600,000 (“February 2025 Exercise”) shares of Common Stock.

Current report

On February 5, 2025, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement with an existing accredited investor to exercise in full an outstanding Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,800,000 shares (included in the February 2025 Exercise) of the Company’s common stock. In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the existing warrant for cash, the investor received a new unregistered Common Stock Purchase Warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 3,770,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “New Warrant”) in a private placement. The New Warrant will become exercisable commencing any time on or after August 6, 2025 (the “Exercise Date”) with an expiration date five years after the Exercise Date with an exercise price per share equal to $9.00. See Note 18—Derivatives for additional information related to warrants.

Current report

As disclosed in Part II, Item 9A. “Controls and Procedures” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our Annual Report, on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed for the quarters ended March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, and September 30, 2023, we have identified material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, not all of which have been remediated as of December 31, 2024.

Current report

Although we are no longer a “controlled company” under the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) rules, we may continue to rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements during a one-year transition period.

Current report

•our Board of Directors be composed of a majority of independent directors;

Showing the first 40 of 43 passages. Open the source sections for the rest.

Removed paragraphs (55)

Previous report

•the effect of economic downturns, depressions and recessions;

Previous report

•the benefits of the Gig Business Combination not being achieved or meeting the expectations of investors or securities;

Previous report

Certain estimates of market opportunity included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may prove to be inaccurate.

Previous report

This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes our internal estimates of the addressable market for our software and services. Market opportunity estimates, whether obtained from third-party sources or developed internally, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The estimates in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to the size of our target market, market demand and adoption, capacity to address this demand, and pricing may prove to be inaccurate. The addressable market we estimate may not materialize for many years, if ever, and even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our business could fail to successfully address or compete in such markets.

Previous report

•create liens on certain assets;

Previous report

•incur additional debt or issue new equity;

Previous report

•sell certain assets.

Previous report

In addition, the 2026 Convertible Notes mature on December 15, 2026. There are no assurances that that we will have sufficient funds available to satisfy the 2026 Convertible Notes at maturity, or that the holders will elect to convert the 2026 Convertible Notes into shares of our Common Stock.

Previous report

As previously disclosed, as of June 30, 2022, the Company was not in compliance with the Fixed Charge Coverage ratio requirement of our Credit Agreement and, on August 9, 2022, entered into the First Amendment, which, among other things, waived the requirement that the Company demonstrate compliance with the minimum Fixed Charge Coverage ratio provided for in the Credit Agreement for the quarter ended June 30, 2022. Also as previously disclosed, as of September 30, 2022, the Company was not in compliance with the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio requirement and entered into a Second Amendment, which modifies key terms of the Senior Revolver. As a result, among other things, the Senior Revolver no longer is subject to a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage ratio covenant. In order for the facility to become available, the Company must report Adjusted EBITDA of at least one dollar. Commencing on the first fiscal quarter after the Senior Revolver becomes available pursuant to the preceding sentence, the Company is required to have aggregated reported Adjusted EBITDA of at least $1 over the two preceding quarters to maintain its ability to borrow under the Senior Revolver (though the inability to satisfy such condition does not result in a default under the Senior Revolver).

Previous report

Convertible Notes.

Previous report

•exposing us to the risk of increased interest rates because certain of our borrowings, including our Credit Agreement, are subject to variable rates of interest.

Previous report

Our Credit Agreement and our Indenture contain restrictive covenants that will limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interest. Our failure to comply with those covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in the acceleration of substantially all of our indebtedness. As a result of the Second Amendment to the Credit Agreement described elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for the Senior Revolver to become available, the Company must report Adjusted EBITDA of at least one dollar. Commencing on the first fiscal quarter after the Senior Revolver becomes available pursuant to the preceding sentence, the Company is required to have aggregated reported Adjusted EBITDA of at least $1 over the two preceding quarters to maintain its ability to borrow under the Senior Revolver (though the inability to satisfy such condition does not result in a default under the Senior Revolver). See Exhibit 4.4 “Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.”

Previous report

•incur or guarantee additional indebtedness or issue disqualified stock or preferred stock;

Previous report

•make certain investments;

Previous report

•incur certain liens;

Previous report

•enter into transactions with affiliates;

Previous report

•merge or consolidate;

Previous report

•enter into agreements that restrict the ability of restricted subsidiaries to make dividends or other payments to us or the guarantors;

Previous report

•designate restricted subsidiaries as unrestricted subsidiaries; and

Previous report

•transfer or sell assets.

Previous report

The covenants in the Indenture that governs the 2026 Convertible Notes are subject to important exceptions and qualifications, which are described under Exhibit 4.5 “Description of the Registrant’s Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.”

Previous report

The 2026 Convertible Notes are not secured by any of our assets. As a result, the 2026 Convertible Notes and the guarantees are

Previous report

In addition, the Indenture, subject to some limitations, permits these subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and will not contain any limitation on the amount of other liabilities, such as trade payables, that may be incurred by these subsidiaries.

Previous report

•upon a sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition (including by way of consolidation or merger) of Capital Stock of such Guarantor following which the applicable Guarantor ceases to be a Subsidiary or the sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition of all or substantially all the properties and assets of the applicable Guarantor (other than to the other Guarantors) otherwise not prohibited by the Indenture;

Previous report

•upon the release or discharge of such Guarantor’s obligations under the Credit Agreement or other Indebtedness that resulted in the creation of such Guarantee other than, in each case, a release or discharge through payment thereon;

Previous report

•upon the merger, amalgamation or consolidation of any Guarantor with and into the Company or another Guarantor or upon the liquidation of such Guarantor, in each case, in compliance with the Indenture;

Previous report

•upon the discharge of the 2026 Convertible Notes, as provided in Article 3 of the Indenture; or

Previous report

•as provided in Article 10 of the Indenture.

Previous report

We may not be able to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act applicable to us.

Previous report

As of December 31, 2023, management completed the implementation of our remediation efforts of the material weaknesses. Remediation efforts included enhancing our control design and demonstrating our ability to effectively operate our controls. Management enhanced the risk assessment process and design of internal control over financial reporting by implementing mitigating controls over segregation of duties; enhancing the documentation and timing of the Company’s analysis and conclusions on revenue recognition from contracts with customers at time of award or modification; implementing or enhancing IT General Controls; developing oversight policies; and increased monitoring and oversight activities across all business process areas. The material weaknesses are considered remediated. The applicable remedial controls have operated for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Previous report

If the Gig Business Combination’s benefits do not meet the expectations of investors, stockholders or financial analysts, the market price of our securities may decline.

Previous report

If the benefits of the Gig Business Combination do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our securities may decline. The market values of our securities may vary significantly from their prices on the date the Gig Business Combination was executed.

Previous report

In addition, fluctuations in the price of our securities could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. Prior to the Gig Business Combination, there was not a public market for BigBear.ai’s stock and trading in the shares of our Common Stock has not been active. Accordingly, the valuation ascribed to BigBear.ai and our Common Stock in the Gig Business Combination may not be indicative of the price that prevailed in the trading market following the Gig Business Combination. If an active market for our securities develops and continues, the trading price of our securities following the Gig Business Combination could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in our securities and our securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of our securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.

Previous report

Factors affecting the trading price of our securities may include:

Previous report

•actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly financial results or the quarterly financial results of companies perceived to be similar to us;

Previous report

•changes in the market’s expectations about our operating results;

Previous report

•success of competitors;

Previous report

•our operating results failing to meet the expectation of securities analysts or investors in a particular period;

Previous report

•changes in financial estimates and recommendations by securities analysts concerning us or the market in general;

Previous report

•operating and stock price performance of other companies that investors; deem comparable to us;

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Reworded paragraphs (104)

Previous wording

You should carefully review and consider the following risk factors and the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein.

Current wording

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully review and consider the following risk factors and the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to the consolidated financial statements included herein.

Previous wording

These risk factors are not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” The Company may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to it, or that BigBear.ai currently deems immaterial, which may also impair the Company’s business or financial condition.

Current wording

These risk factors are not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” The Company may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to it, or that BigBear.ai currently deems immaterial, which may also impair the Company’s business or financial condition. The realization of any of these risks and uncertainties could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, growth and future prospects as well as our ability to accomplish our strategic objectives. In that event, the market price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Previous wording

•our reliance on customers in the public/government sector;

Current wording

•our reliance on customers in the public/government sector including the U.S. government, whose contracts are often only partially funded, subject to immediate termination, and heavily regulated and audited;

Previous wording

•the impact of health epidemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, on our business, financial condition, growth and the actions we may take in response thereto;

Current wording

•the impact of health epidemics, on our business, financial condition, growth and the actions we may take in response thereto;

Previous wording

•our compliance with governmental laws, trade controls, customs requirements and other regulations we are subject to;

Current wording

•our compliance with governmental laws, trade controls, economic sanctions, customs requirements and other regulations we are subject to;

Previous wording

•our internal controls over financial reporting, including any potential future material weaknesses;

Current wording

•our internal controls over financial reporting, including our ability to remedy the identified material weakness as well as any potential future material weaknesses;

Previous wording

•our ability to integrate the new businesses successfully and realize the estimate cost savings expected from the combined companies;

Current wording

•our ability to integrate Pangiam successfully and realize the estimate cost savings expected from the combined companies;

Previous wording

•any failure to realize anticipated benefits of the combined operations; and

Current wording

•any failure to realize anticipated benefits of the Pangiam acquisition; and

Previous wording

Although our revenue has increased in recent periods, there can be no assurances that revenue will continue to grow or do so at current rates, and you should not rely on the revenue of any prior quarterly or annual period as an indication of our future performance. Our revenue growth rate may decline in future periods. Many factors may contribute to declines in our revenue growth rate, including increased competition, slowing demand for our products and services from existing and new customers, a failure by us to continue capitalizing on growth opportunities including expansion into the commercial marketplace, strategic acquisitions, the wind down of significant contracts, terminations of existing contracts or failure to exercise existing options by our customers, our failure to execute on the existing backlog of customer contracts, the maturation of our business, and a contraction of our overall market, among others. If our revenue growth rate declines, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current wording

Although our revenue has increased in recent periods, there can be no assurances that revenue will continue to grow or do so at current rates, and you should not rely on the revenue of any prior quarterly or annual period as an indication of our future performance. Our revenue growth rate may decline in future periods. We may not achieve or maintain profitability in future periods or, if we are profitable, we may not fully achieve our profitability targets. In addition, while we remain focused on operating efficiently, we anticipate that our operating expenses will continue to increase in the future. As we continue to expand our business and the breadth of our operations, upgrade our infrastructure, hire additional employees, expand into new markets, invest in research and development, invest in sales and marketing, and incur costs associated with general administration, including expenses related to being a public company, we expect that our costs of revenue and operating expenses will continue to increase. Many factors may contribute to declines in our revenue growth rate, including increased competition, slowing demand for our products and services from existing and new customers, a failure by us to continue capitalizing on growth opportunities including expansion into the commercial marketplace, strategic acquisitions, the wind down of significant contracts, terminations of existing contracts or failure to exercise existing options by our customers, our failure to execute on the existing backlog of customer contracts, the maturation of our business, and a contraction of our overall market, among others. If our revenue growth rate declines, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

We generate most of our revenue through various time-and-material and fixed-price contracts. For the year ended December 31, 2023, revenue from time-and-material and fixed-price contracts was 55% and 32% of revenue, respectively. Some of our arrangements with our customers are on fixed-price contracts, rather than contracts in which payment to us is determined on a time and materials or other basis. These fixed-price contracts allow us to benefit from cost savings, but subject us to the risk of potential cost overruns, particularly for firm fixed-price contracts because we assume all of the cost burden. If our initial estimates are incorrect, we can lose money on these contracts. U.S. government contracts can expose us to potentially large losses because the U.S. government can hold us responsible for completing a project or, in certain circumstances, require us to pay the entire cost of its replacement by another provider regardless of the size or foreseeability of any cost overruns that occur over the life of the contract. Because many of these contracts involve new technologies and applications and can last for years, unforeseen events, such as technological difficulties, fluctuations in the price of raw materials, a significant increase in inflation in the U.S. or other countries, problems with our suppliers and cost overruns, can result in the contractual price becoming less favorable or even unprofitable to us over time. Our failure to estimate accurately the resources and schedule required for a project, or our failure to complete our contractual obligations in a manner consistent with the project plan upon which our fixed-price contract was based, could adversely affect our overall profitability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are consistently entering into contracts for large projects that magnify this risk. We have been required to commit unanticipated additional resources to complete projects in the past, which has occasionally resulted in losses on those contracts. We could experience similar situations in the future. In addition, we may fix the price for some projects at an early stage of the project engagement, which could result in a fixed price that is too low. Therefore, any changes from our original estimates could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Current wording

2024 revenue from time-and-material and fixed-price contracts was 56% and 29% of revenue, respectively. Some of our arrangements with our customers are on fixed-price contracts, rather than contracts in which payment to us is determined on a time and materials or other basis. These fixed-price contracts allow us to benefit from cost savings, but subject us to the risk of potential cost overruns, particularly for firm fixed-price contracts because we assume all of the cost burden. If our initial estimates are incorrect, we can lose money on these contracts. U.S. government contracts can expose us to potentially large losses because the U.S. government can hold us responsible for completing a project or, in certain circumstances, require us to pay the entire cost of its replacement by another provider regardless of the size or foreseeability of any cost overruns that occur over the life of the contract. Because many of these contracts involve new technologies and applications and can last for years, unforeseen events, such as technological difficulties, fluctuations in the price of labor, raw materials, a significant increase in inflation in the U.S. or other countries, problems with our suppliers and cost overruns, can result in the contractual price becoming less favorable or even unprofitable to us over time. Our failure to estimate accurately the resources and schedule required for a project, or our failure to complete our contractual obligations in a manner consistent with the project plan upon which our fixed-price contract was based, could adversely affect our overall profitability and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. We are consistently entering into contracts for large projects that magnify this risk. We have been required to commit unanticipated additional resources to complete projects in the past, which has occasionally resulted in losses on those contracts. We could experience similar situations in the future. In addition, we may fix the price for some projects at an early stage of the project engagement, which could result in a fixed price that is too low. Therefore, any changes from our original estimates could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Previous wording

Our results of operations depend on sales to enterprise customers, which make product purchasing decisions based in part or entirely on factors, or perceived factors, not directly related to the features of the software, including, among others, that customer’s projections of business growth, uncertainty about economic conditions (including as a result of the ongoing conflicts in the Ukraine, Israel, and Gaza), capital budgets, anticipated cost savings from the implementation of our software, potential preference for such customer’s internally-developed software solutions, perceptions about our business and software, more favorable terms offered by potential competitors, and previous technology investments. In addition, certain decision makers and other stakeholders within our potential customers tend to have vested interests in the continued use of internally developed or existing software, which may make it more difficult for us to sell our software and services. As a result of these and other factors, our sales efforts typically require an extensive effort throughout a customer’s organization, a significant investment of human resources, expense and time, including by our senior management, and there can be no assurances that we will be successful in making a sale to a potential customer. If our sales efforts to a potential customer do not result in sufficient revenue to justify our investments, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current wording

Our results of operations depend on sales to enterprise customers, which make product purchasing decisions based in part or entirely on factors, or perceived factors, not directly related to the features of the software, including, among others, that customer’s projections of business growth, uncertainty about economic conditions (including as a result of the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa), capital budgets, anticipated cost savings from the implementation of our software, potential preference for such customer’s internally-developed software solutions, perceptions about our business and software, more favorable terms offered by potential competitors, and previous technology investments. In addition, certain decision makers and other stakeholders within our potential customers tend to have vested interests in the continued use of internally developed or existing software, which may make it more difficult for us to sell our software and services. As a result of these and other factors, our sales efforts typically require an extensive effort throughout a customer’s organization, a significant investment of human resources, expense and time, including by our senior management, and there can be no assurances that we will be successful in making a sale to a potential customer. If our sales efforts to a potential customer do not result in sufficient revenue to justify our investments, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from existing customers that expand their relationships with us. Increasing the size and number of the deployments to our existing customers is a major part of our growth strategy. We may not be effective in executing this or any other aspect of our growth strategy. For example, revenue earned from customers contributing in excess of 10% of consolidated revenues were derived from three customers comprising 49% of revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. As of December 31, 2023, we have supported these customers for more than five years.

Current wording

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from existing customers that expand their relationships with us. Increasing the size and number of the deployments to our existing customers is a major part of our growth strategy. We may not be effective in executing this or any other aspect of our growth strategy. For example, revenue earned from customers contributing in excess of 10% of consolidated revenues were derived from four customers comprising 52% of revenue for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024.

Previous wording

Each of our contracts with these customers includes termination for convenience provisions whereby the customer can unilaterally elect to terminate the contract. In the event of a termination, we may generally recover only our incurred or committed costs and settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. Our 2023 revenues from these significant customers were mainly earned from large multi-year contracts. As of December 31, 2023, about $89 million of our approximate $168 million of total backlog is attributable to these significant customers. The estimated completion dates for these contracts range from 2024 to 2026. Of the $89 million of backlog related to these significant customers as of December 31, 2023 we expect to recognize approximately 53% of that amount as revenue by the end of 2024, with the remainder to be recognized as revenue by the end of 2026.

Current wording

Each of our contracts with these customers includes termination for convenience provisions whereby the customer can unilaterally elect to terminate the contract. In the event of a termination, we may generally recover only our incurred or committed costs and settlement expenses and profit on work completed prior to the termination. Our 2024 revenues from these significant customers were mainly earned from large multi-year contracts. As of December 31, 2024, about $52 million of our approximate $418 million of total backlog is attributable to these significant customers. The estimated completion dates for these contracts range from 2024 to 2026. Of the $52 million of backlog related to these significant customers as of December 31, 2024 we expect to recognize approximately 98% of that amount as revenue by the end of 2025, with the remainder to be recognized as revenue by the end of 2027. As a result, the contracts comprising our backlog may not result in actual revenue in any particular period or at all, and the actual revenue from such contracts may differ from our backlog estimates. The timing of receipt of revenues, if any, on projects included in backlog could change because many factors affect the scheduling of missions and adjustments to contracts may also occur. The failure to realize some portion of our backlog could adversely affect our revenues and gross margins. Furthermore, the presentation of our financial results requires us to make estimates and assumptions that may affect revenue recognition and changes in estimates are likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from our estimates.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the total remaining deal value of the contracts that we had been awarded by, or entered into with, commercial and government customers, including existing contractual obligations and contract options available to those customers was approximately $168 million and $218 million, respectively.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the total remaining deal value of the contracts that we had been awarded by, or entered into with, commercial and government customers, including existing contractual obligations and contract options available to those customers was approximately $418 million and $168 million, respectively.

Previous wording

•general economic, regulatory, and market conditions, including the impact of ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel, and Gaza which may cause financial market volatility.

Current wording

•general economic, regulatory, and market conditions, including the impact of ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa which may cause financial market volatility.

Previous wording

We may provide public guidance on expected results of operations for future periods. This guidance is comprised of forward-looking statements subject to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings and public statements, and is based necessarily on assumptions we make at the time we provide such guidance. Our guidance may not always be accurate. We may also choose to withdraw guidance or lower guidance in future periods. If, in the future, our results of operations for a particular period do not meet guidance or the expectations of investment analysts, if we reduce guidance for future periods, or if we withdraw guidance, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly.

Current wording

We have provided and may continue to provide public guidance on expected results of operations for future periods. This guidance is comprised of forward-looking statements subject to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in our other public filings and public statements, and is based necessarily on assumptions we make at the time we provide such guidance. Our guidance may not always be accurate. We may also choose to withdraw guidance or lower guidance in future periods. If, in the future, our results of operations for a particular period do not meet guidance or the expectations of investment analysts, if we reduce guidance for future periods, or if we withdraw guidance, the market price of our common stock could decline significantly.

Previous wording

Since our founding, we have experienced rapid growth. We operate in a growing market and have experienced, and may continue to experience, significant expansion of our operations. This growth has placed, and may continue to place, a strain on our employees, management systems, operational, financial, and other resources. As we have grown, we have increasingly managed larger and more complex deployments of our software and services with a broader base of government and commercial customers. As we continue to grow, we face challenges of integrating, developing, retaining, and motivating a rapidly growing employee base. In the event of continued growth of our operations, our operational resources, including our information technology systems, our employee base, or our internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support our operations and deployments. Managing our growth may require significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources, improving our operational, financial, and management processes and systems, and effectively expanding, training, and managing our employee base. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed. As our organization continues to grow, we may find it increasingly difficult to maintain the benefits of our traditional company culture, including our ability to quickly respond to customers, and avoid unnecessary delays that may be associated with a formal corporate structure. This could negatively affect our business performance or ability to hire or retain personnel in the near or long-term.

Current wording

We operate in a growing market and have experienced and may experience significant expansion of our operations. Additionally, we have experienced inorganic growth through various acquisitions and may experience additional inorganic growth through future acquisitions. This growth may place a strain on our employees, management systems, operational, financial, and other resources. As we have grown, we have increasingly managed larger and more complex deployments of our software and services with a broader base of government and commercial customers. As we continue to grow, we face challenges of integrating, developing, retaining, and motivating a rapidly growing employee base. In the event of continued growth of our operations, our operational resources, including our information technology systems, our employee base, or our internal controls and procedures may not be adequate to support our operations and deployments. Managing our growth may require significant expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources, improving our operational, financial, and management processes and systems, and effectively expanding, training, and managing our employee base. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed. As our organization continues to grow, we may find it increasingly difficult to maintain the benefits of our traditional company culture, including our ability to quickly respond to customers, and avoid unnecessary delays that may be associated with a formal corporate structure. This could negatively affect our business performance or ability to hire or retain personnel in the near or long-term.

Previous wording

In addition, our rapid growth may make it difficult to evaluate our future prospects. Our ability to forecast our future results of operations is subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to effectively plan for and model future growth. We have encountered in the past, and may encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows, or if we are not able to accurately forecast future growth, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.

Current wording

Our ability to forecast our future results of operations is subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to effectively plan for and model future growth. We may encounter risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies in rapidly changing industries. If we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our organization as it grows, or if we are not able to accurately forecast future growth, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be harmed.

Previous wording

We seek to retain and motivate existing personnel through our compensation practices, company culture, and career development opportunities. We may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity for new and existing employees, and we may never realize returns on these investments. If the perceived value of our equity awards declines, or if the mix of equity and cash compensation that we offer is less attractive than that of our competitors, it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled personnel. Employees may also be more likely to leave us if the shares of our capital stock they own or the shares of our capital stock underlying their equity incentive awards have significantly reduced in value or the vested shares of our capital stock they own or vested shares of our capital stock underlying their equity incentive awards have significantly appreciated. In addition, many of our employees may receive significant proceeds from sales of our equity in the public markets at some point after the closing of the Gig Business Combination, which may reduce their motivation to continue to work for us. Any of these factors could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Current wording

We seek to retain and motivate existing personnel through our compensation practices, company culture, and career development opportunities. We may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity for new and existing employees, and we may never realize returns on these investments. If the perceived value of our equity awards declines, or if the mix of equity and cash compensation that we offer is less attractive than that of our competitors, it may adversely affect our ability to recruit and retain highly skilled personnel. Employees may also be more likely to leave us if the shares of our capital stock they own or the shares of our capital stock underlying their equity incentive awards have significantly reduced in value or the vested shares of our capital stock they own or vested shares of our capital stock underlying their equity incentive awards have significantly appreciated. In addition, many of our employees may receive significant proceeds from sales of our equity in the public markets, which may reduce their motivation to continue to work for us. Any of these factors could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Previous wording

Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, or reductions in IT spending, could limit our ability to grow

Current wording

Unfavorable conditions in our industry or the global economy, or reductions in IT spending, could limit our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

Previous wording

The revenue growth and potential profitability of our business depend on demand for our platform. Current or future economic uncertainties or downturns could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Negative conditions in the global economy or individual markets, including changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, warfare and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, Australia, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments, including spending on IT and negatively affect our business. Political and military events, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel, and Gaza, poor relations between the U.S. and Russia, and sanctions by the international community against Russia or separatist areas of Ukraine may also have an adverse impact on our employees, customers, partners, and vendors. In turn, any of these may adversely impact our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

Current wording

Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers. The revenue growth and potential profitability of our business depend on demand for our platform. Current or future economic uncertainties or downturns could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Negative conditions in the global economy or individual markets, including changes in gross domestic product growth, financial and credit market fluctuations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, warfare and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe, Australia, the Asia Pacific region or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments, including spending on IT and negatively affect our business. Political and military events, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa, poor relations between the U.S. and Russia, and sanctions by the international community against Russia or separatist areas of Ukraine may also have an adverse impact on our employees, customers, partners, and vendors. In turn, any of these may adversely impact our ability to grow our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

Previous wording

The market for our software is rapidly evolving. Our future success will depend in large part on the growth and expansion of this market, which is difficult to predict and relies on a number of factors, including customer adoption, customer demand, changing customer needs, the entry of competitive products, the success of existing competitive products, potential customers’ willingness to adopt an alternative approach to data collection, storage, and processing and their willingness to invest in new software after significant prior investments in legacy data collection, storage, and processing software. The estimates and assumptions that are used to calculate our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of the organizations covered by our market opportunity estimates will pay for our software and services at all or generate any particular level of revenue for us. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasts, our business could fail to grow at the levels we expect or at all for a variety of reasons outside our control, including competition in our industry. Further, if we or other data management and analytics providers experience security incidents, loss of or unauthorized access to customer data, disruptions in delivery, or other problems, this market as a whole, including our software, may be negatively affected. If software for the challenges that we address does not achieve widespread adoption, or there is a reduction in demand caused by a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, weakening economic conditions (including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel, and Gaza, and related economic sanctions, rising inflation and interest rates, and monetary policy changes), security or privacy concerns, competing technologies and products, decreases in corporate spending, or otherwise, or, alternatively, if the market develops but we are unable to continue to penetrate it due to the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our software, or other factors, it could result in decreased revenue and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Current wording

The market for our software is rapidly evolving. Our future success will depend in large part on the growth and expansion of this market, which is difficult to predict and relies on a number of factors, including customer adoption, customer demand, changing customer needs, the entry of competitive products, the success of existing competitive products, potential customers’ willingness to adopt an alternative approach to data collection, storage, and processing and their willingness to invest in new software after significant prior investments in legacy data collection, storage, and processing software. Our estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth may prove to be inaccurate. Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts, including those we have generated ourselves, are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The variables that affect the calculation of our market opportunity are also subject to change over time. The estimates and assumptions that are used to calculate our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of the organizations covered by our market opportunity estimates will pay for our software and services at all or generate any particular level of revenue for us. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasts, our business could fail to grow at the levels we expect or at all for a variety of reasons outside our control, including competition in our industry. Further, if we or other data management and analytics providers experience security incidents, loss of or unauthorized access to customer data, disruptions in delivery, or other problems, this market as a whole, including our software, may be negatively affected. If software for the challenges that we address does not achieve widespread adoption, or there is a reduction in demand caused by a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, weakening economic conditions (including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa, and related economic sanctions, rising inflation and interest rates, and monetary policy changes), security or privacy concerns, competing technologies and products, decreases in corporate spending, or otherwise, or, alternatively, if the market develops but we are unable to continue to penetrate it due to the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our software, or other factors, it could result in decreased revenue and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

In the future, we may seek to raise or borrow additional funds to expand our product or business development efforts, make acquisitions or otherwise fund or grow our business and operations. As of December 31, 2023, we had approximately $196 million of indebtedness. Although we currently anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for the next 12 months, additional funds may be required if our growth strategy does not develop as quickly as planned. If we require additional financing, we may not be able to obtain debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise equity financing to fund operations or on an opportunistic basis, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to, among other things:

Current wording

In the future, we may seek to raise or borrow additional funds to expand our product or business development efforts, make acquisitions or otherwise fund or grow our business and operations. As of December 31, 2024, we had approximately $200.0 million of total indebtedness. Although we currently anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our cash needs for the next 12 months, additional funds may be required if our growth strategy does not develop as quickly as planned. If we require additional financing, we may not be able to obtain debt or equity financing on favorable terms, if at all. If we raise equity financing to fund operations or on an opportunistic basis, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be unable to, among other things:

Previous wording

Our ability to raise additional capital may be significantly affected by general market conditions, the market price of our ordinary shares, our financial condition, uncertainty about the future commercial success of our products, regulatory developments, the status and scope of our intellectual property, any ongoing arbitration or litigation, our compliance with applicable laws and regulations and other factors, many of which are outside our control. Furthermore, the Indenture governing the 2026 Convertible Notes contains limitations on our ability to incur debt and issue preferred and/or disqualified stock. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain needed financing on acceptable terms, or otherwise, we may not be able to implement our business plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including a decline in the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any additional equity financings could result in additional dilution to our then existing stockholders. In addition, we may enter into additional financings that restrict our operations or adversely affect our ability to operate our business and, if we issue equity, debt or other securities to raise additional capital or restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness, the new equity, debt or other securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders.

Current wording

Our ability to raise additional capital may be significantly affected by general market conditions, the market price of our ordinary shares, our financial condition, uncertainty about the future commercial success of our products, regulatory developments, the status and scope of our intellectual property, any ongoing arbitration or litigation, our compliance with applicable laws and regulations and other factors, many of which are outside our control. Furthermore, the Indenture governing our 2029 Convertible Notes contain limitations on our ability to incur debt and issue preferred and/or disqualified stock. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms or at all. If we are unable to obtain needed financing on acceptable terms, or otherwise, we may not be able to implement our business plan, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, including a decline in the trading price of our ordinary shares. Any additional equity financings could result in additional dilution to our then existing stockholders. In addition, we may enter into additional financings that restrict our operations or adversely affect our ability to operate our business and, if we issue equity, debt or other securities to raise additional capital or restructure or refinance our existing indebtedness, the new equity, debt or other securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of our existing stockholders.

Previous wording

Our Credit Agreement, our Indenture governing our 2026 Convertible Notes and related documents contain, and instruments governing any future indebtedness of ours would likely contain, a number of covenants that will impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to, among other things:

Current wording

Our Indenture governing our 2029 Convertible Notes and related documents contain, and instruments governing any future indebtedness of ours would likely contain, a number of covenants that will impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to, among other things:

Previous wording

Any of these restrictions could limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions and could otherwise restrict corporate activities. Any failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our secured credit facility or instruments governing any future indebtedness of ours. Additionally, our credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets. Upon a default, unless waived, the lenders under our secured credit facility could elect to terminate their commitments, cease making further loans, foreclose on our assets pledged to such lenders to secure our obligations under our credit agreement and force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. In addition, a default under our secured credit facility could trigger a cross default under agreements governing any future indebtedness. Our results of operations may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness and to fund our other expenditures, and we may not be able to obtain financing to meet these requirements. If we experience a default under our secured credit facility or instruments governing our future indebtedness, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely impacted.

Current wording

Our Indenture governing our 2029 Convertible Notes also require us to comply with a minimum liquidity covenant. Our Indenture governing our 2026 Convertible Notes and related documents do not contain covenants similar to those described above, but both of our Indentures governing our Convertible Notes contain a substantially similar covenant that restricts our ability to consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets unless, among other things, the surviving entity assumes our obligations under the 2026 Convertible Notes and 2029 Convertible Notes, respectively. Any of these restrictions could limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions and could otherwise restrict corporate activities. Any failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under our instruments governing any future indebtedness of ours. Upon a default, unless waived, the noteholders could elect to demand repayment of all outstanding principal and accrued interest on our Convertible Notes and force us into bankruptcy or liquidation. Additionally, our 2029 Convertible Notes are secured by substantially all of our assets. Upon a default, unless waived, the noteholders could elect to foreclose on our assets pledged to such noteholders to secure our obligations under our Indenture governing our 2029 Convertible Notes. In addition, a default under our Indentures could trigger a cross default under agreements governing any future indebtedness. Our results of operations may not be sufficient to service our indebtedness and to fund our other expenditures, and we may not be able to obtain financing to meet these requirements. If we experience a default under our Indentures or instruments governing our future indebtedness, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely impacted.

Previous wording

Issues in the use of AI and ML in our software may result in reputational harm or liability.

Current wording

Issues in the use of artificial intelligence (“AI”) and machine learning (“ML”) in our software may result in reputational harm or liability.

Previous wording

AI is enabled by or integrated into some of our software and is a significant and potentially growing element of our business. As with many developing technologies, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore our business. AI algorithms may be flawed. Datasets may be insufficient, of poor quality, or contain biased information. Inappropriate or controversial data practices by data scientists, engineers, and end-users of our systems could impair the acceptance of AI solutions. If the recommendations, forecasts, or analyses that AI applications assist in producing are deficient or inaccurate, we could be subjected to competitive harm, potential legal liability, and brand or reputational harm. Some AI scenarios present ethical issues. Though our technologies and business practices are designed to mitigate many of these risks, if we enable or offer AI solutions that are controversial because of their purported or real impact on human rights, privacy, employment, or other social issues, we may experience brand or reputational harm.

Current wording

AI is enabled by or integrated into some of our software and is a significant and potentially growing element of our business. As with many developing technologies, AI presents risks and challenges that could affect its further development, adoption, and use, and therefore our business. AI algorithms may be flawed. Datasets may be insufficient, of poor quality, or contain biased information. Inappropriate or controversial data practices by data scientists, engineers, and end-users of our systems could impair the acceptance of AI solutions. The rapid evolution of AI and its evolving regulatory landscape may also require additional resources to develop, test and maintain our platforms and products to help ensure that AI is implemented appropriately in order to minimize unintended or harmful impact, which may be costly and may not produce the benefits and results that we expect. If the recommendations, forecasts, or analyses that AI applications assist in producing are deficient or inaccurate, we could be subjected to competitive harm, potential legal liability, and brand or reputational harm. Some AI scenarios present ethical issues. Though our technologies and business practices are designed to mitigate many of these risks, if we enable or offer AI solutions that are controversial because of their purported or real impact on human rights, privacy, employment, or other social issues, we may experience brand or reputational harm.

Previous wording

We have $48.7 million of goodwill assets recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, from previous acquisitions, which represents approximately 24% of our total assets as of the end of this period. Additionally, we expect to recognize a significant amount of goodwill as a result of the Pangiam Acquisition, which was completed on February 29, 2024. These goodwill assets are subject to annual impairment testing and more frequent testing upon the occurrence of certain events or significant changes in circumstances that indicate goodwill may be impaired. If we experience changes or factors arise that negatively affect the expected cash flows of a reporting unit, we may be required to write off all or a portion of the reporting unit’s related goodwill. For example, during the second and fourth quarters of 2022, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge related to our previously reported Cyber & Engineering and Analytics business segments, respectively. Business deterioration, contract cancellations or terminations, or market pressures could cause our sales, earnings and cash flows to decline below current projections and could cause goodwill and intangible assets to be impaired in the future.

Current wording

We have $119.1 million of goodwill assets recorded on our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024, from previous acquisitions, which represents approximately 35% of our total assets as of the end of this period. These goodwill assets are subject to annual impairment testing and more frequent testing upon the occurrence of certain events or significant changes in circumstances that indicate goodwill may be impaired. If we experience changes or factors arise that negatively affect the expected cash flows of a reporting unit, we may be required to write off all or a portion of the reporting unit’s related goodwill. For example, during the first quarter of 2024, we recognized a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $85.0 million related to the acquisition of Pangiam. Business deterioration, contract cancellations or terminations, or market pressures could cause our sales, earnings and cash flows to decline below current projections and could cause goodwill and intangible assets to be impaired in the future.

Previous wording

We are subject to a variety of local, state, national, and international laws and directives and regulations in the United States and abroad that involve matters central to our business, including privacy and data protection, data security, data storage, retention, transfer and deletion, technology protection, and personal information. Foreign data protection, data security, privacy, and other laws and regulations can impose different obligations or be more restrictive than those in the United States. These U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations, which, depending on the regime, may be enforced by private parties or government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change, and they are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. In addition, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving software and technology industry in which we operate and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. A number of proposals are pending before U.S. federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies that could significantly affect our business. For example, ongoing legal challenges in Europe to the mechanisms allowing companies to transfer personal data from the European Economic Area to certain other jurisdictions, including the United States, could result in further limitations on the ability to transfer data across borders, particularly if governments are unable or unwilling to reach new or maintain existing agreements that permit cross-border data transfers. The California state legislature passed the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) in 2018 and California voters approved a ballot measure subsequently establishing the California Privacy Rights Act

Current wording

We are subject to a variety of local, state, national, and international laws and directives and regulations in the United States and abroad that involve matters central to our business, including privacy and data protection, data security, data storage, retention, transfer and deletion, technology protection, and personal information. Foreign data protection, data security, privacy, and other laws and regulations can impose different obligations or be more restrictive than those in the United States. These U.S. federal and state and foreign laws and regulations, which, depending on the regime, may be enforced by private parties or government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change, and they are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. In addition, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving software and technology industry in which we operate and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. A number of proposals are pending before U.S. federal, state, and foreign legislative and regulatory bodies that could significantly affect our business. For example, ongoing legal challenges in Europe to the mechanisms allowing companies to transfer personal data from the European Economic Area to certain other jurisdictions, including the United States, could result in further limitations on the ability to transfer data across borders, particularly if governments are unable or unwilling to reach new or maintain existing agreements that permit cross-border data transfers. The California state legislature passed the California Consumer Privacy Act

Previous wording

(“CPRA”) in 2020, which will jointly regulate the processing of personal information of California residents and increase the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information of California residents, including requiring covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, and afford such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA came into effect on January 1, 2020, and the California Attorney General may bring enforcement actions, with penalties for violations of the CCPA. The CPRA went into effect on January 1, 2023 and instilled enforcement authority in a new dedicated regulatory body, the California Privacy Protection Agency, which began carrying out enforcement actions as soon as six months after the enactment date. While aspects of both the CCPA and CPRA and their interpretations remain to be determined in practice, we are committed to complying with their obligations. We cannot yet fully predict the impact of the CCPA and CPRA on our business or operations, but developments regarding these and all privacy and data protection laws and regulations around the world may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to maintain compliance on an ongoing basis. Outside of the United States, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own legal framework relating to privacy, data protection, and information security matters with which we and/or our customers must comply. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, retention, disclosure, security, transfer, and other processing of data that identifies or may be used to identify or locate an individual. Some countries and regions, including the European Union, are considering or have passed legislation that imposes significant obligations in connection with privacy, data protection, and information security that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our software and services, including the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) which took effect in May 2018. Complying with the GDPR or other data protection laws and regulations as they emerge may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to modify our data handling practices on an ongoing basis. Non-compliance with the GDPR specifically may result in administrative fines or monetary penalties of up to 4% of worldwide annual revenue in the preceding financial year or €20 million (whichever is higher) for the most serious infringements and could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities or other related parties and may otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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(“CCPA”) in 2018 and California voters approved a ballot measure subsequently establishing the California Privacy Rights Act (“CPRA”) in 2020, which will jointly regulate the processing of personal information of California residents and increase the privacy and security obligations of entities handling certain personal information of California residents, including requiring covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, and afford such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA came into effect on January 1, 2020, and the California Attorney General may bring enforcement actions, with penalties for violations of the CCPA. The CPRA went into effect on January 1, 2023 and instilled enforcement authority in a new dedicated regulatory body, the California Privacy Protection Agency, which began carrying out enforcement actions as soon as six months after the enactment date. While aspects of both the CCPA and CPRA and their interpretations remain to be determined in practice, we are committed to complying with their obligations. We cannot yet fully predict the impact of the CCPA and CPRA on our business or operations, but developments regarding these and all privacy and data protection laws and regulations around the world may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to maintain compliance on an ongoing basis. Outside of the United States, virtually every jurisdiction in which we operate has established its own legal framework relating to privacy, data protection, and information security matters with which we and/or our customers must comply. Laws and regulations in these jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, storage, retention, disclosure, security, transfer, and other processing of data that identifies or may be used to identify or locate an individual. Some countries and regions, including the European Union, are considering or have passed legislation that imposes significant obligations in connection with privacy, data protection, and information security that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our software and services, including the European General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) which took effect in May 2018. Complying with the GDPR or other data protection laws and regulations as they emerge may cause us to incur substantial operational costs or require us to modify our data handling practices on an ongoing basis. Non-compliance with the GDPR specifically may result in administrative fines or monetary penalties of up to 4% of worldwide annual revenue in the preceding financial year or €20 million (whichever is higher) for the most serious infringements and could result in proceedings against us by governmental entities or other related parties and may otherwise adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In particular, we make certain estimates and assumptions related to the adoption and interpretation of these principles including the recognition of our revenue and the accounting of our stock-based compensation expense with respect to our financial statements. If these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, our financial results and position could materially differ from our expectations and could be materially adversely affected. A change in any of these principles or guidance, or in their interpretations or application to us, may have a significant effect on our reported results, as well as our processes and related controls, and may retroactively affect previously reported results or our forecasts, which may negatively impact our financial statements.

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We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). In particular, we make certain estimates and assumptions related to the adoption and interpretation of these principles including the recognition of our revenue, the measurement of derivative instruments, and the accounting of our stock-based compensation expense with respect to our financial statements. If these assumptions turn out to be incorrect, our financial results and position could materially differ from our expectations and could be materially adversely affected. A change in any of these principles or guidance, or in their interpretations or application to us, may have a significant effect on our reported results, as well as our processes and related controls, and may retroactively affect previously reported results or our forecasts, which may negatively impact our financial statements.

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The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock. Significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include, or may in the future include, those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, intangible assets, including goodwill, and income taxes.

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The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates, and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as provided in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities, and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of securities analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock. Significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include, or may in the future include, those related to revenue recognition, stock-based compensation, derivatives, intangible assets, including goodwill, and income taxes.

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As of December 31, 2023, we had $113.5 million of U.S. federal and $123.5 million of U.S. state net operating loss (“NOLs”) carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. While the federal NOL carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely, state NOLs begin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2035. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use these NOL carryforwards before their expiration or at all. Under legislative changes made in December 2017, U.S. federal NOLs incurred in 2018 and in future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such NOLs is limited. In addition, the federal and state NOL carryforwards and certain tax credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code, respectively, and similar provisions of state law. Under those sections of the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income or tax may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent stockholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. We have not yet undertaken an analysis of whether the Gig Business Combination constitutes an “ownership change” for purposes of Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code. BigBear.ai or its subsidiaries may have previously undergone an “ownership change.” In addition, the Gig Business Combination, or future issuances or sales of our common stock, including certain transactions involving our common stock that are outside of its control, could result in future “ownership changes.” “Ownership changes” that have occurred in the past or that may occur in the future, including in connection with the Gig Business Combination, could result in the imposition of an annual limit on the amount of pre-ownership change NOLs and other tax attributes BigBear.ai and its subsidiaries can use to reduce their respective taxable incomes, potentially increasing and accelerating their liability for income taxes, and also potentially causing those tax attributes to expire unused. States may impose other limitations on the use of BigBear.ai’s and its subsidiaries’ NOLs. Any limitation on using NOLs could, depending on the extent of such limitation and the NOLs previously used, result in BigBear.ai or its subsidiaries retaining less cash after payment of U.S. federal and state income taxes during any year in which BigBear.ai or its subsidiaries have taxable income, rather than losses, than BigBear.ai and its subsidiaries would be entitled to retain if such NOLs were available as an offset against such income for U.S. federal and state income tax reporting purposes, which could adversely impact our operating results.

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As of December 31, 2024, we had $219.0 million of U.S. federal and $231.4 million of U.S. state net operating loss (“NOLs”) carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income. While the federal NOL carryforwards can be carried forward indefinitely, state NOLs begin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2031. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use these NOL carryforwards before their expiration or at all. Under legislative changes made in December 2017, U.S. federal NOLs incurred in 2018 and in future years may be carried forward indefinitely, but the deductibility of such NOLs is limited. In addition, the federal and state NOL carryforwards and certain tax credits may be subject to significant limitations under Section 382 and Section 383 of the Code, respectively, and similar provisions of state law. Under those sections of the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOL carryforwards and other pre-change attributes, such as research tax credits, to offset its post-change income or tax may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent stockholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. During 2024, we performed an analysis of an “ownership changes” for purposes of Section 382 and 383 of the Code. This analysis found that an “ownership change” occurred on December 2, 2024. As a result, our ability to utilize NOLs generated prior to that date is limited from the date of the change through 2028. This could lead to BigBear.ai or its subsidiaries retaining less cash after paying U.S. federal and state income taxes in years when there is taxable income, compared to if the NOL utilization was not limited. This reduction in retained cash could negatively affect our operating results.

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•potential delays or changes in the government appropriations or procurement processes, including as a result of events such as war, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel, and Gaza, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, and public health concerns or epidemics; and

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•potential delays or changes in the government appropriations or procurement processes, including as a result of events such as war, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, and public health concerns or epidemics; and

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Because we generate a substantial portion of our revenue from contracts with U.S. government agencies, our results of operations could be adversely affected by government spending caps or changes in government budgetary priorities, as well as by delays in the government budget process, program starts, or the award of contracts or orders under existing contract vehicles, including as a result of a new U.S. administration or changing geopolitical conditions. Current U.S. government spending levels for defense-related and other programs may not be sustained beyond government fiscal year 2024. Future spending and program authorizations may not increase or may decrease or shift to programs in areas in which we do not provide services or are less likely to be awarded contracts. Such changes in spending authorizations and budgetary priorities may occur as a result of shifts in spending priorities from defense-related and other programs as a result of competing demands for federal funds and the number and intensity of military conflicts, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, Israel, and Gaza, or other factors.

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Because we generate a substantial portion of our revenue from contracts with U.S. government agencies, our results of operations could be adversely affected by government spending caps or changes in government budgetary priorities, as well as by delays in the government budget process, program starts, or the award of contracts or orders under existing contract vehicles, including as a result of a new U.S. administration or changing geopolitical conditions. Current U.S. government spending levels for defense-related and other programs may not be sustained beyond government fiscal year 2025. Future spending and program authorizations may not increase or may decrease or shift to programs in areas in which we do not provide services or are less likely to be awarded contracts. Such changes in spending authorizations and budgetary priorities may occur as a result of shifts in spending priorities from defense-related and other programs as a result of competing demands for federal funds and the number and intensity of military conflicts, including the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, the Middle East, and Africa, or other factors.

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Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the 2026

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Our indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the Convertible Notes.

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In the future, we may seek to raise or borrow additional funds to expand our product or business development efforts, make

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In the future, we may seek to raise or borrow additional funds to expand our product or business development efforts, make acquisitions or otherwise fund or grow our business and operations. Our indebtedness could have important consequences to the

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holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes, including:

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holders of the Convertible Notes, including:

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•limiting our ability to borrow additional funds or to borrow funds at rates or on other terms that we find acceptable; and

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•limiting our ability to borrow additional funds or to borrow funds at rates or on other terms that we find acceptable;

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We generate most of our revenue through various time-and-material and fixed-price contracts. For the years ended December 31,

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Convertible Notes may receive less, ratably, than the holders of secured indebtedness in the event of our or any of the guarantors’ bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization.

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The issuance of shares of Common Stock upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes and the issuance of shares of Common Stock to the extent interest is paid in kind will result in dilution to the interests of other stockholders.
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our business and negatively affect our results of operations.

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Our results of operations may vary based on the impact of changes in our industry or the global economy on us or our customers.

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•consolidate, merge, sell or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; and

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Risks Related to the 2026 Convertible Notes

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acquisitions or otherwise fund or grow our business and operations. Our indebtedness could have important consequences to the

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Sales of a substantial number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock in the public market could occur at any time. If the

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Company’s stockholders sell, or the market perceives that the Company’s stockholders intend to sell, substantial amounts of the Company’s Common Stock in the public market, the market price of the Company’s Common Stock could decline.

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The future sales of shares by existing stockholders may adversely affect the market price of the Company’s Common Stock.