Brookdale Senior Living Inc.

Previous wording

Costs to seniors associated with independent living, assisted living, and memory care communities are not generally reimbursable under government reimbursement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. For the year ended December 31, 2024, we generated 93.8% of our consolidated resident fee revenue from private pay residents. Only seniors with income or assets meeting or exceeding the comparable median in the regions where our communities are located typically can afford to pay our monthly resident fees. Economic downturns, increased inflation, softness in the housing market, higher levels of unemployment among resident family members, lower levels of consumer confidence, stock market volatility, and changes in demographics could adversely affect the ability of seniors to afford our resident fees. If we are unable to retain and attract seniors with sufficient income, assets, or other resources required to pay the fees associated with independent living, assisted living, and memory care services and other service offerings, our occupancy, revenues, results of operations, and cash flow could decline. We have recently made the annual rate adjustment effective January 1, 2025 for our in-place private pay residents. The average increase was again higher than our typical annual rate adjustment in order to help offset our increased costs as a result of labor pressures, high inflation, and elevated interest rates. Due to the competitive environment for new residents in our industry, our rate adjustments could slow our occupancy recovery progress or result in a decrease in occupancy in our communities. Any use of promotional or other discounting would offset a portion of such rate adjustments in our RevPAR and RevPOR results. In addition, the rate adjustment may not be sufficient to offset our increased costs. The increase we implemented in January 2025 (and any rate increases that we implement in future years) could also result in a higher amount of attrition among our residents, which could negatively impact our occupancy, revenues, results of operations and cash flows.

Current wording

Costs to seniors associated with independent living, assisted living, and memory care communities are not generally reimbursable under government reimbursement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid. For the year ended December 31, 2025, we generated 93.9% of our consolidated resident fee revenue from private pay residents. Only seniors with income or assets meeting or exceeding the comparable median in the regions where our communities are located typically can afford to pay our monthly resident fees. Economic downturns, increased inflation, softness in the housing market, higher levels of unemployment among resident family members, lower levels of consumer confidence, stock market volatility, and changes in demographics could adversely affect the ability of seniors to afford our resident fees. If we are unable to retain and attract seniors with sufficient income, assets, or other resources required to pay the fees associated with independent living, assisted living, and memory care services and other service offerings, our occupancy, revenues, results of operations, and cash flow could decline. We have recently made the annual rate adjustment effective January 1, 2026 for our in-place private pay residents. The average increase was again higher than our typical annual rate adjustment in order to help offset our increased costs as a result of general cost inflation and investments in our communities and other corporate initiatives (including information systems and other strategic projects). Due to the competitive environment for new residents in our industry, our rate adjustments could slow our occupancy growth or result in a decrease in occupancy in our communities. Any use of promotional or other discounting would offset a portion of such rate adjustments in our RevPAR and RevPOR results. In addition, the rate adjustment may not be sufficient to offset our increased costs. The increase we implemented in January 2026 (and any rate increases that we implement in future years) could also result in a higher amount of attrition among our residents, which could negatively impact our occupancy, revenues, results of operations, and cash flows.

Previous wording

The senior living industry is highly competitive. We compete with numerous organizations, including not-for-profit entities, that offer similar communities and services, community-based service programs, retirement communities, convalescent centers, and other senior living providers. In general, regulatory and other barriers to competitive entry in the independent living, assisted living, and memory care sectors of the senior living industry are not substantial. In the decade prior to start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the industry historically attracted investments resulting in continuous increases in construction and development of new senior housing supply, and if this development were to return to pre-pandemic levels, it could result in increased competition. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in additional occupancy pressure for our industry, and industry data shows that nearly all markets had fallen to record low occupancy by the first quarter of 2021. While the industry recovers occupancy, certain competitors may price aggressively in order to capture market share. Further, advances in technology and at-home services may permit more seniors to age-in-place at home and could have an impact on the demand for senior living communities. Consequently, we may encounter competition that could limit our ability to attract and retain residents and associates, raise or maintain resident fees, and expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our occupancy, revenues, results of operations, and cash flow.

Current wording

The senior living industry is highly competitive. We compete with numerous organizations, including not-for-profit entities, that offer similar communities and services, community-based service programs, retirement communities, convalescent centers, and other senior living providers. In general, regulatory and other barriers to competitive entry in the independent living, assisted living, and memory care sectors of the senior living industry are not substantial. In the decade prior to start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the industry historically attracted investments resulting in continuous increases in construction and development of new senior housing supply, and if this development were to return to pre-pandemic levels, it could result in increased competition. In addition, certain competitors may price aggressively in order to capture market share. Further, our competitors or other third parties may incorporate advanced technology, including artificial intelligence, into their business operations or services more quickly or more successfully than us, which could impair our ability to compete effectively. Such advances in technology and at-home services may also permit more seniors to age-in-place at home and could have an impact on the demand for senior living communities. We compete for residents on the basis of resident and family member satisfaction, reputation, location, service offerings, our communities’ physical characteristics, dining, and other amenities, among other things. Consequently, we may encounter competition that could limit our ability to attract and retain residents and associates, raise or maintain resident fees, and expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our occupancy, revenues, results of operations, and cash flow.

Previous wording

We rely on reimbursement from government programs for a portion of our revenues, primarily in our CCRCs segment. For the year ended December 31, 2024, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements represented 15.5% of our CCRCs segment’s resident fee revenue and 4.8% of our consolidated resident fee revenue. We cannot provide assurance that reimbursement levels will not decrease in the future, which could adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, and cash flow. Government efforts to reduce medical spending, along with broader healthcare reform, could result in major changes in the healthcare delivery and reimbursement systems on both the national and state levels, including a reduction in funds available for our services or increases in our operating costs. Such reimbursement levels may not remain at levels comparable to present levels or may not be sufficient to cover the costs allocable to patients eligible for reimbursement.

Current wording

We rely on reimbursement from government programs for a portion of our revenues, primarily in our CCRCs segment. For the year ended December 31, 2025, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements represented 15.3% of our CCRCs segment’s resident fee revenue and 4.8% of our consolidated resident fee revenue. We cannot provide assurance that reimbursement levels will not decrease in the future, which could adversely affect our revenues, results of operations, and cash flow. Government efforts to reduce medical spending, along with broader healthcare reform, could result in major changes in the healthcare delivery and reimbursement systems on both the national and state levels, including a reduction in funds available for our services or increases in our operating costs. Such reimbursement levels may not remain at levels comparable to present levels or may not be sufficient to cover the costs allocable to patients eligible for reimbursement.

Previous wording

Failure to maintain the security and functionality of our information systems, to prevent a cybersecurity attack or other unauthorized access to our information systems, or to comply with applicable privacy and consumer protection laws, including HIPAA, could expose us to a number of adverse consequences, many of which are not insurable, including: (i) interruptions to our business, (ii) the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive information, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our residents and associates, (iii) significant remediation costs; (iv) negative publicity which could damage our reputation and our relationships with our residents, associates, and referral sources, (v) litigation and potential liability under privacy, security, and consumer protection laws, including HIPAA, or other applicable laws, rules, or regulations, and (vi) government inquiries which may result in sanctions and other criminal or civil fines or penalties. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely impact our revenues, results of operations, and cash flow.

Current wording

Failure to maintain the security and functionality of our information systems, to prevent a cybersecurity attack or other unauthorized access to our information systems, or to comply with applicable privacy, security, and consumer protection laws, including HIPAA, could expose us to a number of adverse consequences, many of which are not insurable, including: (i) interruptions to our business, (ii) the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive information, including proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our residents and associates, (iii) significant remediation costs; (iv) negative publicity which could damage our reputation and our relationships with our residents, associates, and referral sources, (v) litigation and potential liability under privacy, security, and consumer protection laws, including HIPAA, or other applicable laws, rules, or regulations, and (vi) government inquiries which may result in sanctions and other criminal or civil fines or penalties. Any of the foregoing could materially and adversely impact our revenues, results of operations, and cash flow.

Previous wording

If the redesign and consolidation of certain technology platforms, including through the implementation of a core enterprise resource planning system, or ERP, does not proceed as expected or is not completed successfully, our business and financial results may be adversely impacted.

Current wording

If the redesign and consolidation of certain technology platforms, including through the implementation of a core enterprise resource planning system, or ERP, does not proceed as expected or is not integrated successfully, our business and financial results may be adversely impacted.

Previous wording

We have begun a transformative process of redesigning numerous workflows that is intended to modernize and consolidate certain of our technology platforms and streamline associated processes across our organization to carry out certain financial and operational functions. As part of this process, we are designing and implementing a new ERP system. We are currently in the design phases of the project and expect implementation of individual modules of the ERP and other aspects of this process to occur throughout 2025. The redesign of various business processes and implementation of this ERP and other aspects of this transformative process requires an investment of significant personnel and financial resources, including substantial expenditures for third-party consultants and system software. This implementation process could disrupt our operations or otherwise adversely affect us, including as the result of delays, disruptions to business continuity, higher than anticipated expenditures, potential design defects, data migration issues, diversion of management’s attention from other key priorities, increased cybersecurity risks and adverse impacts on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to complete the implementation of the ERP effectively, on a timely basis, or at all, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows may be adversely affected and we may be required to incur additional unanticipated expenditures to maintain systems that were expected to be replaced. Moreover, there is no assurance that this new ERP and other aspects of this process, once implemented, will meet our current or future business needs or will operate as intended.

Current wording

During 2025, we implemented a new ERP. The redesign of various business processes and implementation of this ERP and other aspects of this transformative process required and may still require an investment of significant personnel and financial resources, including substantial expenditures for third-party consultants. This process could disrupt our operations or otherwise adversely affect us, including as the result of disruptions to business continuity, higher than anticipated expenditures, potential design defects, and adverse impacts on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. If we are unable to integrate the ERP effectively, our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows may be adversely affected and we may be required to incur additional unanticipated expenditures to mitigate business impact. Moreover, there is no assurance that this new ERP and other aspects of this process will meet our current or future business needs or will operate as intended.

Previous wording

As of December 31, 2024, we had outstanding $3.7 billion principal amount of mortgage financing, $369.4 million of 3.50% convertible senior notes due 2029, $23.3 million of 2.00% convertible senior notes due 2026, $9.4 million principal amount of the senior amortizing notes component of tangible equity units, and $75.3 million letters of credit. If we are unable to extend or refinance our indebtedness prior to scheduled maturity dates, our liquidity and financial condition could be adversely impacted. Even if we are able to extend or refinance our maturing debt or credit or letter of credit facilities, the terms of the new financing may not be as favorable to us as the terms of the existing financing.

Current wording

As of December 31, 2025, we had outstanding $3.9 billion principal amount of mortgage financing, $369.4 million of 3.50% convertible senior notes due 2029, $23.3 million of 2.00% convertible senior notes due 2026, and $60.6 million of letters of credit. If we are unable to extend or refinance our indebtedness prior to scheduled maturity dates, our liquidity and financial condition could be adversely impacted. Even if we are able to extend or refinance our maturing debt or credit or letter of credit facilities, the terms of the new financing may not be as favorable to us as the terms of the existing financing.

Previous wording

The amount of mortgage financing available for our communities is generally dependent on their appraised values and performance. Decreases in the appraised values of our communities, including due to adverse changes in real estate market conditions, or their performance, has resulted, and could continue to result, in available mortgage refinancing amounts that are less than the communities' maturing indebtedness. In addition, our inability to satisfy underwriting criteria for individual communities may limit our access to our historical lending sources for such communities, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Due to lower operating performance for certain of our communities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, during 2021 and 2022 we sought and obtained non-agency mortgage financings to partially refinance maturing Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae indebtedness. We cannot provide assurance that such non-agency mortgage financing will continue to be available as an alternative to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac financing. We have completed the refinancing of all of our debt maturities due in 2025. Our inability to obtain refinancing proceeds sufficient to cover 2026 and later maturing indebtedness could adversely impact our liquidity, and may cause us to seek additional alternative sources of financing, which may be less attractive or unavailable. There can be no assurance that any such additional financing will be available or on terms that are acceptable to us.

Current wording

The amount of mortgage financing available for our communities is generally dependent on their appraised values and performance. Decreases in the appraised values of our communities, including due to adverse changes in real estate market conditions, or their performance, has resulted, and could continue to result, in available mortgage refinancing amounts that are less than the communities' maturing indebtedness. In addition, our inability to satisfy underwriting criteria for individual communities may limit our access to our historical lending sources for such communities, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Due to lower operating performance for certain of our communities in prior years, we sought and obtained non-agency mortgage financings to partially refinance maturing Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae indebtedness. We cannot provide assurance that such non-agency mortgage financing will continue to be available as an alternative to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac financing. We have completed the refinancing of all of our mortgage debt maturities due in 2026. Our inability to obtain refinancing proceeds sufficient to cover 2027 and later maturing indebtedness could adversely impact our liquidity, and may cause us to seek additional alternative sources of financing, which may be less attractive or unavailable. There can be no assurance that any such additional financing will be available or on terms that are acceptable to us.

Previous wording

Certain of our debt and lease documents contain restrictions and financial covenants, such as those requiring us to maintain prescribed minimum liquidity, net worth, and stockholders' equity levels and debt service and lease coverage ratios, and requiring us not to exceed prescribed leverage ratios, in each case on a consolidated, portfolio-wide, multi-community, single-community, and/or entity basis. Net worth is generally calculated as stockholders' equity, as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), and in certain circumstances, reduced by intangible assets or liabilities and/or increased by accumulated depreciation and amortization, and/or further adjusted for certain other specified adjustments. The debt service and lease coverage ratios are generally calculated as revenues less operating expenses, including an implied management fee and a reserve for capital expenditures, divided by the debt (principal and interest) or lease payment. These covenants include a requirement contained in certain of our long-term debt documents for us to maintain liquidity of at least $130.0 million at each quarter-end determination date. As of December 31, 2024, our liquidity was $389.3 million.

Current wording

Certain of our debt and lease documents contain restrictions and financial covenants, such as those requiring us to maintain prescribed minimum liquidity and net worth levels and debt service and lease coverage ratios, and requiring us not to exceed prescribed leverage ratios, in each case on a consolidated, portfolio-wide, multi-community, single-community, and/or entity basis. These covenants include a requirement contained in certain of our long-term debt documents for us to maintain liquidity of at least $130.0 million at each quarter-end determination date. As of December 31, 2025, our liquidity was $377.7 million.

Previous wording

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified management and other associates who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of each of our communities. We compete with various healthcare service providers, other senior living providers, and hospitality and food services companies in attracting and retaining qualified associates. If we fail to attract and retain qualified associates, our ability to conduct our business operations effectively, our overall operating results, and cash flow could be harmed. In recent years, we experienced pressures associated with the intensely competitive labor environment, including increased associate turnover and difficulty in filling open positions timely. Continued increased competition for, or a shortage of, nurses or other associates, general labor market conditions, low levels of unemployment, or general inflationary pressures, have required and may require that we enhance our pay and benefits package to compete effectively for such associates. In addition, we have experienced and may continue to experience wage pressures due to minimum wage and minimum salary threshold increases mandated by federal, state, and local laws. Third-party staffing agencies from which we source contract labor have increased the rates they charge which has resulted in, and may further result in, increases in the cost of contract labor. If we are unable to fill open positions timely, our reliance on premium labor may continue or increase. Increases in wages and any further increased use of premium labor would result in higher operating costs, and we may not be able to offset the added costs by increasing the rates we charge to our residents or our service charges, which would negatively impact our results of operations and cash flow.

Current wording

Our success depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified management and other associates who are responsible for the day-to-day operations of each of our communities. We compete with various healthcare service providers, other senior living providers, and hospitality and food services companies in attracting and retaining qualified associates. If we fail to attract and retain qualified associates, our ability to conduct our business operations effectively, our overall operating results, and cash flow could be harmed. In addition, if we fail to adequately onboard or appropriately train our associates, it could affect our ability to attract and retain such associates or adversely affect resident and family satisfaction. In recent years, we experienced pressures associated with the intensely competitive labor environment, including increased associate turnover and difficulty in filling open positions timely. Continued increased competition for, or a shortage of, nurses or other associates, general labor market conditions, low levels of unemployment, or general inflationary pressures, have required and may require that we enhance our pay and benefits package to compete effectively for such associates. In addition, we have experienced and may continue to experience wage pressures due to minimum wage and minimum salary threshold increases mandated by federal, state, and local laws. Third-party staffing agencies from which we source contract labor have increased the rates they charge which has resulted in, and may further result in, increases in the cost of contract labor. If we are unable to fill open positions timely, our reliance on premium labor may continue or increase. Increases in wages and any further increased use of premium labor would result in higher operating costs, and we may not be able to offset the added costs by increasing the rates we charge to our residents or our service charges, which would negatively impact our results of operations and cash flow.

Previous wording

We have been and are currently involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, which we believe are generally comparable to other companies in the senior living and healthcare industries. In addition, the Company has been and currently is involved in putative class action litigation regarding staffing at our communities and compliance with consumer protection laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act (and similar state laws). Certain claims and lawsuits allege large damage amounts, seek injunctive relief, and may require (and have required) significant costs to defend and resolve. As a result, we maintain general liability, professional liability, excess liability, and other insurance policies in amounts and with coverage and deductibles we believe are appropriate, based on the nature and risks of our business, historical experience, availability, and industry standards. Our current policies provide for deductibles for each claim and contain various exclusions from coverage. We use our wholly-owned captive insurance company for the purpose of insuring certain portions of our risk retention under our general and professional liability insurance programs. Accordingly, we are, in effect, self-insured for claims that are less than the deductible amounts, for claims that exceed the funding level of our wholly-owned captive insurance company, and for claims or portions of claims that are not covered by such policies and/or exceed the policy limits. If we experience a greater number of losses than we anticipate, or if certain claims are not covered by insurance, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Current wording

We have been and are currently involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business, which we believe are generally comparable to other companies in the senior living and healthcare industries. In addition, we have been and currently are involved in putative class action litigation regarding staffing at our communities and compliance with consumer protection laws and the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") (and similar state laws). Certain claims and lawsuits allege large damage amounts, seek injunctive relief, and may require (and have required) significant costs to defend and resolve. As a result, we maintain general liability, professional liability, excess liability, and other insurance policies in amounts and with coverage and deductibles we believe are appropriate, based on the nature and risks of our business, historical experience, availability, and industry standards. Our current policies provide for deductibles for each claim and contain various exclusions from coverage. We use our wholly-owned captive insurance company for the purpose of insuring certain portions of our risk retention under our general and professional liability insurance programs. Accordingly, we are, in effect, self-insured for claims that are less than the deductible amounts, for claims that exceed the funding level of our wholly-owned captive insurance company, and for claims or portions of claims that are not covered by such policies and/or exceed the policy limits. If we experience a greater number of losses than we anticipate, or if certain claims are not covered by insurance, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Previous wording

The senior living industry entails an inherent risk of liability, particularly given the demographics of our residents and the services we provide. In recent years, we, as well as other participants in our industry, have been subject to an increasing number of claims and lawsuits alleging that our services have resulted in resident injury or other adverse effects. Many of these lawsuits involve large damage claims and significant legal costs. The frequency and magnitude of such alleged claims and legal costs may increase due to increased turnover and a higher use of contract labor. Many states continue to consider tort reform and how it will apply to the senior living industry. We may continue to be faced with the threat of large jury verdicts in jurisdictions that do not find favor with large senior living providers. There can be no guarantee that we will not have any claims that exceed our policy limits in the future, which could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities.

Current wording

The senior living industry entails an inherent risk of liability, particularly given the demographics of our residents and the services we provide, including incidents involving residents, associates, or visitors to our communities. In recent years, we, as well as other participants in our industry, have been subject to an increasing number of claims and lawsuits alleging that our services have resulted in resident or associate injury or other adverse effects. Many of these lawsuits involve large damage claims and significant legal costs. The frequency and magnitude of such alleged claims and legal costs may increase due to increased turnover and a higher use of contract labor. Many states continue to consider tort reform and how it will apply to the senior living industry. We may continue to be faced with the threat of large jury verdicts in jurisdictions that do not find favor with large senior living providers. There can be no guarantee that we will not have any claims that exceed our policy limits in the future, which could subject us to substantial uninsured liabilities.

Previous wording

If a successful claim is made against us and it is not covered by our insurance or exceeds the policy limits, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In some states, state law may prohibit or limit insurance coverage for the risk of punitive damages arising from professional liability and general liability claims and/or litigation. As a result, we may be liable for punitive damage awards in these states that either are not covered or are in excess of our insurance policy limits. Also, our insurance policies' deductibles, or self-insured retention, are accrued based on an actuarial projection of future liabilities. If these projections are inaccurate and if there is an unexpectedly large number of successful claims that result in liabilities in excess of our accrued reserves, our operating results could be negatively affected. Claims against us, regardless of their merit or eventual outcome, also could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and ability to attract residents or expand our business and could require our management to devote time to matters unrelated to the day-to-day operation of our business. Negative publicity with respect to any lawsuits, claims, or other legal or regulatory proceedings may also negatively impact our reputation. We also have to renew our policies every year and negotiate terms for coverage, exposing us to the volatility of the insurance markets, including the possibility of rate increases and changes in coverage and other terms. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain liability insurance in the future or, if available, that such coverage will be available on acceptable terms.

Current wording

If a successful claim is made against us and it is not covered by our insurance or exceeds the policy limits, our financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In some states, state law may prohibit or limit insurance coverage for the risk of punitive damages arising from professional liability and general liability claims and/or litigation. As a result, we may be liable for punitive damage awards in these states that either are not covered or are in excess of our insurance policy limits. Also, our insurance policies' deductibles, or self-insured retention, are accrued based on an actuarial projection of future liabilities. If these projections are inaccurate and if there is an unexpectedly large number of successful claims that result in costs in excess of our accrued liabilities, our operating results could be negatively affected. Claims against us, regardless of their merit or eventual outcome, also could have a material adverse effect on our reputation and ability to attract residents or expand our business and could require our management to devote time to matters unrelated to the day-to-day operation of our business. Negative publicity with respect to any lawsuits, claims, or other legal or regulatory proceedings may also negatively impact our reputation. We also have to renew our policies every year and negotiate terms for coverage, exposing us to the volatility of the insurance markets, including the possibility of rate increases and changes in coverage and other terms. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain liability insurance in the future or, if available, that such coverage will be available on acceptable terms.

Previous wording

There are various extremely complex federal and state laws governing a wide array of referrals, relationships, and arrangements and prohibiting fraud by healthcare providers, including those in the senior living industry, and governmental agencies are devoting increasing attention and resources to such anti-fraud initiatives. Some examples are the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, and the False Claims Act, which gives private individuals the ability to bring an action on behalf of the federal government. The violation of any of these laws or regulations may result in the imposition of fines or other penalties that could increase our costs and otherwise jeopardize our business. Because of incentives allowing a private individual to bring a claim on behalf of the federal government, so-called "whistleblower" suits have become more frequent.

Current wording

There are various extremely complex federal and state laws governing a wide array of referrals, relationships, and arrangements and prohibiting fraud by healthcare providers, including those in the senior living industry, and governmental agencies are devoting increasing attention and resources to such anti-fraud initiatives. Some examples are HIPAA, the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, and the False Claims Act, which gives private individuals the ability to bring an action on behalf of the federal government. The violation of any of these laws or regulations may result in the imposition of fines or other penalties that could increase our costs and otherwise jeopardize our business. Because of incentives allowing a private individual to bring a claim on behalf of the federal government, so-called "whistleblower" suits have become more frequent.

Previous wording

In addition, new disclosure standards and rules related to environmental matters have been adopted and may continue to be introduced in various states and other jurisdictions. In October 2023, California adopted new carbon and climate-related reporting requirements for large public and private companies doing business in the state. Further, the SEC finalized climate change disclosure rules in 2024. While the SEC rules are currently stayed pending litigation, as the nature, scope and complexity of environmental and climate change reporting, diligence and disclosure requirements expand, significant effort and expenses could be required to comply with the evolving requirements. As our disclosure obligations increase, third parties may make claims or bring litigation relating to those disclosures which may be costly.

Current wording

In addition, new disclosure standards and rules related to environmental matters have been adopted and may continue to be introduced in various states and other jurisdictions. In October 2023, California adopted new carbon and climate-related reporting requirements for large public and private companies doing business in the state and other states are and have contemplated similar rules and regulations. If the nature, scope and complexity of environmental and climate change reporting, diligence, and disclosure requirements expand, significant effort and expenses could be required to comply with the evolving requirements. As our disclosure obligations increase, third parties may make claims or bring litigation relating to those disclosures, which may be costly.

Previous wording

Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and Fair Housing Act, safety and health standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and other fire, safety, health, and other regulations may require us to make unanticipated expenditures, which could increase our costs and therefore adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Current wording

Compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and Fair Housing Act, safety and health standards of the OSHA, and other fire, safety, health, and other regulations may require us to make unanticipated expenditures, which could increase our costs and therefore adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Previous wording

Certain of our communities, or portions thereof, may be subject to compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act, or ADA. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for "public accommodations" and "commercial properties," but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to people with disabilities. If applicable, compliance with ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of government fines or an award of damages to private litigants.

Current wording

Certain of our communities, or portions thereof, may be subject to compliance with the ADA. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for "public accommodations" and "commercial properties," but generally requires that buildings be made accessible to people with disabilities. If applicable, compliance with ADA requirements could require removal of access barriers and non-compliance could result in imposition of government fines or an award of damages to private litigants.

Previous wording

In addition, we are required to operate our communities in compliance with applicable safety and health standards of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and other fire, health, and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, and food licensing or certification requirements as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies from time to time. Like other healthcare facilities, senior living communities are subject to periodic survey or inspection by governmental authorities to assess and assure compliance with regulatory requirements. Surveys occur on a regular (often annual or bi-annual) schedule, and special surveys may result from a specific complaint filed by a resident, a family member, or one of our competitors. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with those requirements.

Current wording

In addition, we are required to operate our communities in compliance with applicable safety and health standards of the OSHA, and other fire, health, and safety regulations, building codes and other land use regulations, and food licensing or certification requirements as they may be adopted by governmental agencies and bodies from time to time. Like other healthcare facilities, senior living communities are subject to periodic survey or inspection by governmental authorities to assess and assure compliance with regulatory requirements. Surveys occur on a regular (often annual or bi-annual) schedule, and special surveys may result from a specific complaint filed by a resident, a family member, or one of our competitors. We may be required to make substantial capital expenditures to comply with those requirements.

Previous wording

In addition, if a future pandemic, epidemic, or outbreak were to occur, it could have a similar impact as the COVID-19 pandemic, including an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, cash flow, liquidity, and stock price; and on the nation’s economy and debt and equity markets and the local economies in our markets. A future health crisis could also result in restrictions on visitors and move-ins at our communities as a result of infections at a community or as necessary to comply with regulatory requirements or at the direction of authorities having jurisdiction; perceptions regarding the safety of senior living communities; changes in demand for senior living communities and our ability to adapt our sales and marketing efforts to meet that demand; changes in our residents’ and their families’ ability to afford our resident fees; changes in the acuity levels of our new residents; increased costs for response efforts, including increased equipment, supplies, labor, litigation, testing, vaccination clinic, health plan, and other expenses; greater use of contract labor and other premium labor; impacts on our ability to complete financings and refinancings of various assets or other transactions or to generate sufficient cash flow to cover required debt, interest, and lease payments and to satisfy financial and other covenants in our debt and lease documents; and increases in the frequency and magnitude of legal actions and liability claims that may arise due to such health crisis or our response efforts.

Current wording

Any future health crisis could also result in restrictions on visitors and move-ins at our communities as a result of infections at a community or as necessary to comply with regulatory requirements or at the direction of authorities having jurisdiction; perceptions regarding the safety of senior living communities; changes in demand for senior living communities and our ability to adapt our sales and marketing efforts to meet that demand; changes in our residents’ and their families’ ability to afford our resident fees; changes in the acuity levels of our new residents; increased costs for response efforts; greater use of contract labor and other premium labor; impacts on our ability to complete financings and refinancings of various assets or other transactions or to generate sufficient cash flow to cover required debt, interest, and lease payments and to satisfy financial and other covenants in our debt and lease documents; and increases in the frequency and magnitude of legal actions and liability claims that may arise due to such health crisis or our response efforts. We believe potential residents and their families were more cautious, or temporarily delayed their decision, regarding moving into senior living communities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and such caution could recur with a future pandemic, epidemic, or outbreak.

Previous wording

Various factors, including general economic conditions and the spread of contagious illnesses, could adversely affect our financial performance and other aspects of our business.

Current wording

Various factors, including general economic conditions, could adversely affect our financial performance and other aspects of our business.

Previous wording

General economic conditions, such as inflation, the consumer price index, commodity costs, fuel and other energy costs, competition in the labor market, costs of salaries, wages, benefits and insurance, interest rates, and tax rates, affect our facility operating, facility lease, general and administrative and other expenses, and we have no control or limited ability to control such factors. Current global economic conditions and uncertainties, including geopolitical tensions, conflicts, potential recessions or economic downturns, uncertainty surrounding a new presidential administration, the potential for failures or realignments of financial institutions, and the related impact on available credit may affect us and our business partners, landlords, counterparties, and residents or prospective residents in an adverse manner including, but not limited to, reducing access to liquid funds or credit, increasing the cost of credit, limiting our ability to manage interest rate risk, increasing costs and expenses to us, increasing the risk that certain of our business partners, landlords, or counterparties would be unable to fulfill their obligations to us, and other impacts which we are unable to fully anticipate. In addition to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our occupancy, seasonal contagious illnesses such as cold and flu, which typically more severely impact seniors than the general population may negatively affect our occupancy. Severe cold and flu season, or other contagious disease in the markets in which we operate could result in a regulatory ban on admissions, decreased occupancy, and otherwise adversely affect our business.

Current wording

General economic conditions, such as inflation, the consumer price index, commodity costs, fuel and other energy costs, competition in the labor market, costs of salaries, wages, benefits and insurance, interest rates, tax rates, and tariffs affect our facility operating, general and administrative and other expenses, and we have no control or limited ability to control such factors. Current global economic conditions and uncertainties, including geopolitical tensions, conflicts, potential recessions or economic downturns, other general political developments, the potential for failures or realignments of financial institutions, and the related impact on available credit may affect us and our business partners, landlords, counterparties, and residents or prospective residents in an adverse manner including, but not limited to, reducing access to liquid funds or credit, increasing the cost of credit, limiting our ability to manage interest rate risk, increasing costs and expenses to us, increasing the risk that certain of our business partners, landlords, or counterparties would be unable to fulfill their obligations to us, and other impacts which we are unable to fully anticipate.

Previous wording

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering additional debt or equity securities, including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes, convertible securities, series of preferred shares, or shares of our common stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred stock, and lenders with respect to other borrowings, would receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. We may issue all of the shares of our common stock that are authorized but unissued (and not otherwise reserved for issuance under our stock incentive or purchase plans, outstanding warrants, outstanding convertible senior notes, or outstanding tangible equity units) without any action or approval by our stockholders. Additional equity offerings may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Shares of our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of our common stock bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their shareholdings in us.

Current wording

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering additional debt or equity securities, including commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior or subordinated notes, convertible securities, series of preferred shares, or shares of our common stock. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred stock, and lenders with respect to other borrowings, would receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. We may issue all of the shares of our common stock that are authorized but unissued (and not otherwise reserved for issuance under our stock incentive or purchase plans or outstanding convertible senior notes) without any action or approval by our stockholders. Additional equity offerings may dilute the economic and voting rights of our existing stockholders or reduce the market price of our common stock, or both. Shares of our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit our ability to pay dividends to the holders of our common stock. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of our future offerings. Thus, holders of our common stock bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their shareholdings in us.