ASSURED GUARANTY LTD

Inflation

By some key measures, consumer price inflation in the U.S. and the U.K. was higher in recent years than it has been in decades. In addition, government policies such as increased deficit spending or the imposition of tariffs on imported goods could increase inflationary pressures in the future. Consumer price inflation in the U.K. can impact the Company directly by increasing exposure for certain index-linked U.K. debt with par that accretes based on inflation, and also by increasing projected future installment premiums on the portion of such exposure that pays at least some of the premium on an installment basis over the term of the exposure. Consumer price inflation may also impact the Company indirectly to the extent it makes it more difficult for obligors to make their debt payments. See “— Overview — Economic Environment.”

Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has led to the imposition of economic sanctions by many western countries against Russia and certain Russian individuals, dislocation in global energy markets, massive refugee movements, and payment default by certain Russian credits. The economic sanctions imposed by western governments, along with decisions by private companies regarding their presence in Russia, continue to reduce western economic ties to Russia and to reshape global economic and political ties more generally, and the Company cannot predict all of the potential effects of the conflict on the world or on the Company.

The Company’s surveillance and treasury functions have reviewed the Company’s insurance and investment portfolios, respectively, and have identified no material direct exposure to Ukraine or Russia. In fact, the Company’s direct insurance exposure to eastern Europe generally is limited to approximately $214 million in net par outstanding as of December 31, 2024, comprised of $198 million net par exposure to the sovereign debt of Poland and $16 million net par exposure to a toll road in Hungary. The Company rates all such exposure investment grade.

Middle East Conflict

In light of events in the Middle East, the Company’s surveillance and treasury functions have reviewed the Company’s insurance and investment portfolios, respectively, for exposures to the Middle East. After review, the Company’s surveillance and treasury functions have identified no material direct exposure to such area. The Company’s direct insurance exposure to the Middle East is generally limited to approximately $110 million in net par outstanding as of December 31, 2024, comprised of funded commitments to subscription finance facilities; however, such exposure may increase to a total of approximately $165 million to the extent all unfunded commitments under the facilities are ultimately funded. The Company rates all such insurance exposure investment grade.

January 2025 Los Angeles Wildfires

In January 2025, a series of destructive wildfires affected Los Angeles, California. The Company’s surveillance function has reviewed the Company’s insurance portfolio for exposures located within Los Angeles County and has identified no material impact to its exposure located directly within the perimeter of the wildfires.