Aura Biosciences, Inc.

Previous wording

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing precision therapies to treat solid tumors designed to preserve organ function. Our lead candidate bel-sar is in late-stage clinical development for the treatment of patients with primary choroidal melanoma and is also in clinical development for other ocular oncology indications and bladder cancer.

Current wording

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing precision therapies to treat solid tumors designed to preserve organ function. Our lead candidate bel-sar is in late-stage clinical development for the treatment of patients with small choroidal melanoma or indeterminate lesions, or early choroidal melanoma, and is also in clinical development for other ocular oncology indications and bladder cancer.

Previous wording

There is significant unmet need for novel treatments for patients with choroidal melanoma, given the limitations of the current standard of care, or SoC, and patient reluctance to undergo radiotherapy in the form of either plaque brachytherapy or proton beam therapy, both highly-invasive therapies that result in significant vision loss, and potential legal blindness in the treated eye. Enucleation, or surgical removal of the affected eye, is another treatment option for patients with choroidal melanoma, in which patients lose all vision without the possibility of vision restoration. We are evaluating the safety and efficacy of bel-sar as a potential vision-sparing therapy in our ongoing global Phase 3 CoMpass trial for the first-line treatment of adult patients with small choroidal melanoma and indeterminate lesions, or early-stage choroidal melanoma. We believe enrollment for this Phase 3 trial may be completed as early as the end of 2025. Moreover, we intend to assess the safety and efficacy of bel-sar in treating a range of other solid tumors, beginning with metastases of the choroid and bladder cancer where bel-sar is in clinical development. We believe bel-sar, if approved, has the potential to change the current treatment paradigm for patients with ocular and urologic cancers and other solid tumors.

Current wording

There is significant unmet need for novel treatments for patients with choroidal melanoma, given the limitations of the current standard of care, or SoC, and patient reluctance to undergo radiotherapy in the form of either plaque brachytherapy or proton beam therapy, both highly-invasive therapies that result in significant vision loss, and potential legal blindness in the treated eye. Enucleation, or surgical removal of the affected eye, is another treatment option for patients with choroidal melanoma, in which patients lose all vision without the possibility of vision restoration. We are evaluating the safety and efficacy of bel-sar as a potential vision-sparing therapy in our ongoing global Phase 3 CoMpass trial for the first-line treatment of adult patients with early choroidal melanoma. We believe enrollment for this Phase 3 trial may be completed as early as the end of 2025. Moreover, we intend to assess the safety and efficacy of bel-sar in treating a range of other solid tumors, beginning with metastases of the choroid and bladder cancer where bel-sar is in clinical development. We believe bel-sar, if approved, has the potential to change the current treatment paradigm for patients with ocular and urologic cancers and other solid tumors.

Previous wording

Bel-sar has shown clinical benefit and has been generally well-tolerated in clinical trials to date. In a Phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04417530) evaluating suprachoroidal administration of bel-sar for the first-line treatment of early-stage choroidal melanoma, patients were closely monitored over a twelve-month follow-up period to assess tumor control, visual acuity preservation, and tumor growth rate. A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study. Bel-sar achieved an 80% tumor control rate (n=8/10) among Phase 3-eligible patients who received the therapeutic regimen, with complete cessation of growth following treatment among responders (post-treatment average growth rate of 0.011 mm/yr among responders compared to 0.351 mm/yr prior to study entry; p<0.0001). Visual acuity preservation was achieved in 90% of these ten patients. Importantly, 80% of these ten patients were at high risk for vision loss with tumors close to the fovea or optic disc, highlighting the potential for vision preservation with this novel class of drugs. The safety profile of bel-sar was highly favorable in all participants regardless of dose. We believe the Phase 2 results are a significant achievement considering the typically poor prognosis associated with choroidal melanoma, a rare and life-threatening ocular cancer, where there are no approved vision-preserving therapies to date.

Current wording

Bel-sar has shown clinical benefit and has been generally well-tolerated in clinical trials to date. In a Phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04417530) evaluating suprachoroidal administration of bel-sar for the first-line treatment of early choroidal melanoma, patients were closely monitored over a twelve-month follow-up period to assess tumor control, visual acuity preservation, and tumor growth rate. A total of 22 patients were enrolled in the study. Bel-sar achieved an 80% tumor control rate (n=8/10) among Phase 3-eligible patients who received the therapeutic regimen, with complete cessation of growth following treatment among responders (post-treatment average growth rate of 0.011 mm/yr among responders compared to 0.351 mm/yr prior to study entry; p<0.0001). Visual acuity preservation was achieved in 90% of these ten patients. Importantly, 80% of these ten patients were at high risk for vision loss with tumors close to the fovea or optic disc, highlighting the potential for vision preservation with this novel class of drugs. The safety profile of bel-sar was highly favorable in all participants regardless of dose. We believe the Phase 2 results are a significant achievement considering the typically poor prognosis associated with choroidal melanoma, a rare and life-threatening ocular cancer, where there are no approved vision-preserving therapies to date.

Previous wording

We believe bel-sar has the possibility to transform the field of ocular oncology beyond choroidal melanoma and we plan to expand clinical development in two additional indications: metastases to the choroid and cancers of the ocular surface. Bel-sar has the potential to treat a wide variety of tumor types that metastasize from several primary tumors. We have initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial in metastases to the choroid from breast and lung cancer and have activated sites with patients in prescreening in the United States. We are currently implementing a protocol amendment for the Phase 2 trial to broaden the inclusion criteria beyond breast and lung cancer to include all metastases from different solid tumors as a basket study approach. In addition to advancing bel-sar in metastases to the choroid, we believe this approach will provide clinical insights into multiple tumor types that could be impacted by bel-sar. We expect initial data from this trial in 2025. We also continue to advance pre-clinical activities in cancers of the ocular surface, which has an incidence rate of 35,000 patients a year in the United States and Europe. We plan to initiate a Phase 1 trial in cancers of the ocular surface in 2025.

Current wording

We believe bel-sar has the possibility to transform the field of ocular oncology beyond choroidal melanoma and we plan to expand clinical development in two additional indications: metastases to the choroid and cancers of the ocular surface. Bel-sar has the potential to treat a wide variety of tumor types that metastasize from several primary tumors. We have initiated a Phase 2 clinical trial in metastases to the choroid from breast and lung cancer and have activated sites with patients in prescreening in the United States. We are currently implementing a protocol amendment for the Phase 2 trial to broaden the inclusion criteria beyond breast and lung cancer to include all metastases from different solid tumors as a basket study approach. In addition to advancing bel-sar in metastases to the choroid, we believe this approach will provide clinical insights into multiple tumor types that could be impacted by bel-sar. We expect initial data from this trial in 2025. We also continue to advance pre-clinical activities in cancers of the ocular surface, which has an incidence rate of 35,000 patients a year in the United States and Europe. We plan to have initial data from an early proof of concept Phase 1 trial in cancers of the ocular surface in 2026.

Previous wording

Beyond ocular cancers, bel-sar is in early-stage clinical development in bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide and it is diagnosed early as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, or NMIBC, with a prevalence of approximately 80,000 cases per year in the United States. Despite the early diagnosis, patients with NMIBC have a high risk of recurrence and progression with current SoC treatments. In March 2025, we announced positive data from our Phase 1 trial in NMIBC (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05483868) and, based on these positive data, we are advancing the development of bel-sar in NMIBC. The ongoing Phase 1b/2 trial will evaluate additional doses and cycles of bel-sar in approximately 26 intermediate and high-risk patients. The trial will evaluate two approaches: an immune ablative design and a multimodal neoadjuvant design. In the immune ablative approach, bel-sar will be administered in two cycles without the need for a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, or TURBT. In the multimodal neoadjuvant cohorts, bel-sar will be administered in two cycles ahead of TURBT. For both approaches, the patients will be monitored for response assessments and reoccurrence at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The endpoints of this trial include multiple efficacy assessments, such as complete response rate at 3 months and durability of response up to 12 months in the immune ablative cohorts and recurrence-free survival in the neoadjuvant cohorts. The patients will also be monitored for safety. We have enrolled the first patient in this ongoing trial and expect initial data at 3 months by year-end 2025.

Current wording

Beyond ocular cancers, bel-sar is in early clinical development in bladder cancer. Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide and it is diagnosed early as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, or NMIBC, with a prevalence of approximately 80,000 cases per year in the United States. Despite the early diagnosis, patients with NMIBC have a high risk of recurrence and progression with current SoC treatments. In March 2025, we announced positive data from our Phase 1 trial in NMIBC (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05483868) and, based on these positive data, we are advancing the development of bel-sar in NMIBC. The ongoing Phase 1b/2 trial will evaluate additional doses and cycles of bel-sar in approximately 26 intermediate and high-risk patients. The trial will evaluate two approaches: an immune ablative design and a multimodal neoadjuvant design. In the immune ablative approach, bel-sar will be administered in two cycles without the need for a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, or TURBT. In the multimodal neoadjuvant cohorts, bel-sar will be administered in two cycles ahead of TURBT. For both approaches, the patients will be monitored for response assessments and reoccurrence at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The endpoints of this trial include multiple efficacy assessments, such as complete response rate at 3 months and durability of response up to 12 months in the immune ablative cohorts and recurrence-free survival in the neoadjuvant cohorts. The patients will also be monitored for safety. This trial is actively enrolling and remains on track.

Previous wording

We were incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2009, and our headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts. Since our inception, we have focused our efforts on identifying and developing potential product candidates, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, raising capital, conducting discovery, research and development activities and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any product candidates approved for sale and have not generated any revenue to date. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of convertible preferred stock, common stock, and warrants. From inception through March 31, 2025, we have raised an aggregate of approximately $420.0 million of gross proceeds primarily from private placements of our equity and convertible preferred stock as well as through the issuance of our common stock. On November 9, 2023, we issued and sold 11,000,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $9.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $99.0 million, or the 2023 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $92.6 million in net proceeds from the 2023 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On December 5, 2022, we issued and sold 7,705,000 shares of common stock, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares at a price to the public of $12.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $92.5 million, or the 2022 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $86.7 million in net proceeds from the 2022 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. On November 1, 2022, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, or the 2022 Shelf, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, in relation to the registration of up to an aggregate offering price of $250.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units or any combination thereof. We also simultaneously entered into an Open Market Sale Agreement SM, or the Sales Agreement, with Jefferies LLC, or the Sales Agent, to provide for the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to an aggregate of $75.0 million of its common stock from time to time in “at-the-market” offerings, or the ATM, under the 2022 Shelf and subject to the limitations thereof. In connection with the 2023 Follow-On Offering, on November 6, 2023, we delivered written notice to Jefferies that we were suspending and terminating the prospectus related to the shares issuable in the ATM pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we issued a total of 261,807 shares of common stock at an average price of $12.49 for aggregate gross proceeds of $3.3 million under the ATM. On March 27, 2024, we filed a new shelf registration s…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Current wording

We were incorporated as a Delaware corporation in 2009, and our headquarters are located in Boston, Massachusetts. Since our inception, we have focused our efforts on identifying and developing potential product candidates, conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, establishing our intellectual property portfolio, raising capital, conducting discovery, research and development activities and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any product candidates approved for sale and have not generated any revenue to date. We have funded our operations primarily through the sale of convertible preferred stock, common stock, and warrants. From inception through June 30, 2025, we have raised an aggregate of approximately $490.5 million of gross proceeds primarily from private placements of our equity and convertible preferred stock as well as through the issuance of our common stock. On May 16, 2025, we issued and sold 11,735,565 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 3,571,435 shares of common stock, and accompanying warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,826,750 shares of common stock, or the 2025 Follow-On Offering. The common stock and pre-funded warrants were sold in the 2025 Follow-On Offering in combination with an accompanying common stock warrant to purchase 0.25 of a share of common stock for each share of common stock or pre-funded warrant sold. Each such share of common stock was offered and sold together with an accompanying common stock warrant at a combined offering price of $4.90, and each such pre-funded warrant was offered and sold together with an accompanying common stock warrant at a combined offering price of $4.89999. We received approximately $69.9 million in net proceeds from the 2025 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On November 9, 2023, we issued and sold 11,000,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $9.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $99.0 million, or the 2023 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $92.6 million in net proceeds from the 2023 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On December 5, 2022, we issued and sold 7,705,000 shares of common stock, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares at a price to the public of $12.00 per share, for aggregate gross proceeds of $92.5 million, or the 2022 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $86.7 million in net proceeds from the 2022 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. On November 1, 2022, we filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3, or the 2022 Shelf, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, in relation to the registration of up to an aggregate offering price of $250.0 mi…

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Previous wording

We have incurred significant operating losses in every year since our inception in 2009 and have not generated any revenue. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and commercialization of one or more of our product candidates. Our net losses were $27.5 million and $19.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $401.7 million. In addition, our losses from operations may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials and our expenditures on other research and development activities.

Current wording

We have incurred significant operating losses in every year since our inception in 2009 and have not generated any revenue. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and operating losses for the foreseeable future. Our ability to generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and commercialization of one or more of our product candidates. Our net losses were $54.5 million and $40.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of June 30, 2025, we had an accumulated deficit of $428.7 million. In addition, our losses from operations may fluctuate significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year, depending on the timing of our clinical trials and our expenditures on other research and development activities.

Previous wording

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $128.0 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the second half of 2026. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect. See“Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

Current wording

As of June 30, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities of $177.3 million. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into the first half of 2027. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect. See“Liquidity and Capital Resources” below.

Previous wording

Research and development expenses increased to $23.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $17.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to ongoing clinical and CRO costs associated with the progression of our global Phase 3 trial of bel-sar in early-stage choroidal melanoma and manufacturing and development costs for bel-sar.

Current wording

Research and development expenses increased to $22.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 from $16.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, primarily due to ongoing clinical and CRO costs associated with the progression of our global Phase 3 trial of bel-sar in early choroidal melanoma and manufacturing and development costs for bel-sar.

Previous wording

General and administrative expenses increased to $5.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily driven by higher personnel expenses related to the growth of our company.

Current wording

General and administrative expenses increased to $11.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2025 from $11.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024, primarily driven by higher personnel expenses related to the growth of our company.

Previous wording

To date we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of convertible preferred stock, warrants and common stock. Through March 31, 2025, we have raised an aggregate of approximately $420.0 million of gross proceeds primarily from private placements of our equity and convertible preferred stock and warrants, as well as through the issuance of our common stock. On November 9, 2023, we issued and sold 11,000,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $9.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $99.0 million in the 2023 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $92.6 million in net proceeds from the 2023 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On December 5, 2022, we issued and sold 7,705,000 shares of common stock, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares at a price to the public of $12.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $92.5 million in the 2022 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $86.7 million in net proceeds from the 2022 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. On November 1, 2022, we filed the 2022 Shelf with the SEC in relation to the registration of up to an aggregate offering price of $250.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units or any combination thereof. We also simultaneously entered into the Sales Agreement with the Sales Agent to provide for the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to an aggregate of $75.0 million of our common stock from time to time in the ATM under the 2022 Shelf and subject to the limitations thereof. In connection with the 2023 Follow-On Offering, on November 6, 2023, we delivered written notice to Jefferies that we were suspending and terminating the prospectus related to the shares issuable in the ATM pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we issued a total of 261,807 shares of common stock at an average price of $12.49 for aggregate gross proceeds of $3.3 million under the ATM. On March 27, 2024, we filed the 2024 Shelf with the SEC in relation to the registration of up to an aggregate offering price of $350.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units or any combination thereof, which superseded the 2022 Shelf. The 2024 Shelf included a prospectus supplement to provide for offerings in the ATM under the Sales Agreement. We did not issue any shares of common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2025 under the ATM.

Current wording

To date we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of convertible preferred stock, warrants and common stock. Through June 30, 2025, we have raised an aggregate of approximately $490.5 million of gross proceeds primarily from private placements of our equity and convertible preferred stock and warrants, as well as through the issuance of our common stock. On May 16, 2025, we issued and sold 11,735,565 shares of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 3,571,435 shares of common stock, and accompanying warrants to purchase an aggregate of 3,826,750 shares of common stock. The common stock and pre-funded warrants were sold in the 2025 Follow-On Offering in combination with an accompanying common stock warrant to purchase 0.25 of a share of common stock for each share of common stock or pre-funded warrant sold. Each such share of common stock was offered and sold together with an accompanying common stock warrant at a combined offering price of $4.90, and each such pre-funded warrant was offered and sold together with an accompanying common stock warrant at a combined offering price of $4.89999. We received approximately $69.9 million in net proceeds from the 2025 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On November 9, 2023, we issued and sold 11,000,000 shares of common stock at a price to the public of $9.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $99.0 million in the 2023 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $92.6 million in net proceeds from the 2023 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. On December 5, 2022, we issued and sold 7,705,000 shares of common stock, including the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares at a price to the public of $12.00 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $92.5 million in the 2022 Follow-On Offering. We received approximately $86.7 million in net proceeds from the 2022 Follow-On Offering after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and offering expenses. On November 1, 2022, we filed the 2022 Shelf with the SEC in relation to the registration of up to an aggregate offering price of $250.0 million of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants and units or any combination thereof. We also simultaneously entered into the Sales Agreement with the Sales Agent to provide for the offering, issuance and sale by us of up to an aggregate of $75.0 million of our common stock from time to time in the ATM under the 2022 Shelf and subject to the limitations thereof. In connection with the 2023 Follow-On Offering, on November 6, 2023, we delivered written notice to Jefferies that we were suspending and terminating the prospectus related to the shares issuable in the ATM pursuant to the terms of the Sales Agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we issued a total of 261,807 shares of common stock at an average price …

Excerpt shortened here; the source contains the full paragraph.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $23.4 million primarily due to our net loss of $27.5 million and a decrease in accrued expenses related to timing of vendor invoicing and payments, partially offset by stock-based compensation expense and a decrease in prepaid expenses related to work completed for CRO activities associated with our global Phase 3 trial of bel-sar in early-stage choroidal melanoma.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash used in operating activities was $44.1 million primarily due to our net loss of $54.5 million and a decrease in accounts payable related to timing of vendor invoicing and payments, partially offset by stock-based compensation expense.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $24.5 million, primarily due to our net loss of $19.7 million and a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities related to timing of vendor invoicing and payments and a decrease in prepaid expenses related to CRO costs associated with the start of our global Phase 3 trial of bel-sar in early-stage choroidal melanoma, partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expense.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash used in operating activities was $40.6 million, primarily due to our net loss of $40.0 million and a decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities related to timing of vendor invoicing and payments and a decrease in prepaid expenses related to CRO costs associated with the start of our global Phase 3 trial of bel-sar in early choroidal melanoma, partially offset by an increase in stock-based compensation expense.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $29.8 million primarily due to maturities of marketable securities partially offset by purchases of property and equipment.

Current wording

Net cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was $49.8 million primarily due to maturities of marketable securities partially offset by purchases of marketable securities and property and equipment.

Previous wording

Net cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $9.4 million primarily due to proceeds from sale of marketable securities partially offset by purchases of marketable securities and property and equipment.

Current wording

Net cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2024 was $29.2 million primarily due to proceeds from sale of marketable securities partially offset by purchases of marketable securities and property and equipment.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.1 million from proceeds from issuance of common stock under the ESPP.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, net cash provided by financing activities was $70.0 million from proceeds related to the issuance of common stock, pre-funded warrants, and common stock warrants in the 2025 Follow-On Offering as well as issuance of common stock under the ESPP.

Previous wording

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 million from proceeds from stock options exercises and issuance of common stock under the ESPP.

Current wording

During the six months ended June 30, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 million from proceeds from stock options exercises and issuance of common stock under the ESPP.

Previous wording

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $128.0 million. Based on our research and development plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations into the second half of 2026. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Current wording

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of a product candidate could mean a significant change in the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. As of June 30, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $177.3 million. Based on our research and development plans, we believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund our operations into the first half of 2027. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Previous wording

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, costs and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

Current wording

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, costs and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC.

Previous wording

We assessed the recent accounting pronouncements for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and determined no pronouncements have material impact to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

Current wording

We assessed the recent accounting pronouncements for the six months ended June 30, 2025, and determined no pronouncements have material impact to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.