DESWELL INDUSTRIES INC

ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Memorandum and Articles of Association

Effective December 13, 2007, we amended and restated our Memorandum and Articles of Association (collectively the “2007 Charter”), the instruments governing a company organized under the law of the BVI, which are comparable in purpose and effect to certificates or articles of incorporation and bylaws of corporations organized in a state of the United States.

Effective March 26, 2010, we amended Regulation 6.15 of our Articles of Association to reduce the number of our outstanding common shares that must be present in person or by proxy in order to hold any meeting of shareholders from no less than 50 percent to no less than 33⅓ percent and on March 30, 2010 an amended and restated Memorandum and Articles of Association was registered which incorporated the March 26, 2010 amendment into a restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.

Under our 2007 Charter, as amended on March 26, 2010 and applicable to the date of this Report (“our Charter”):

• our shares are eligible for a direct registration system operated by a securities depository in accordance with NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 5210(c) (formerly Rule 4350(1)).

• various consequential amendments were made to our Memorandum and Articles of Association in accordance with the advice from our U.S. and BVI counsel so as to (a) be consistent with the BVI BC Act, the BVI BC Act having come into force on January 1, 2004 superseding in certain respects the IBC Act, the relevant legislation which had previously governed us and (b) to make conforming changes resulting from the transition of the NASDAQ Stock Market’s operations on August 1, 2006 to that of a national securities exchange in the United States.

• certain special provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association that we adopted in preparation for our initial public offering of securities in the United States.

• provisions were added in recognition of, and to assure compliance with, certain laws, rules and regulations of the United States applicable to us, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the Marketplace Rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market.

• Holders of our shares:

• are entitled to one vote for each whole share on all matters to be voted upon by shareholders, including the election of directors.

• do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors.

• are entitled to receive dividends if and when declared by our Board of Directors out of funds legally available under BVI law.

• all of common shares are equal to each other with respect to liquidation and dividend rights.

• in the event of our liquidation, all assets available for distribution to the holders of our common shares are distributable among them according to their respective holdings.

Objects and Purposes

Our objects and purposes are described in Clause 5 of our Memorandum of Association and are generally to engage in any act or activity that is not prohibited under the laws of the BVI.

Directors

Regulation 12.4 of our Articles of Association provides that except as otherwise provided in the BVI BC Act — the BVI corporate law that governs BVI companies like Deswell — no agreement or transaction between the Company and one or more of its directors or any person in which any director has a financial interest or to whom any director is related, including as a director of that other person, is void or voidable for this reason only or by reason only that the director is present at the meeting of directors or at the meeting of the committee of directors that approves the agreement or transaction or that the vote or consent of the director is counted for that purpose if the material facts of the interest of each director in the agreement or transaction and his interest in or relationship to any other party to the agreement or transaction are disclosed in good faith or are known by the other directors and such agreement or transaction has been approved by the irrevocable vote of a majority of the Company’s directors, including at least one Independent Director. In addition, the favorable vote of a majority of the directors, including at least one Independent Director, shall be required to approve any transaction or agreement between the Company and any officer of the Company or any person or entity holding ten percent or more of the outstanding Shares.

Our Articles of Association (Regulation 7.11) provide that the directors may by a resolution of directors, fix the emoluments of directors with respect to services to be rendered in any capacity to the Company.

BVI law and our Articles of Association provide that the management of the business and the control of Deswell shall be vested in the directors, who in addition to the powers and authorities expressly conferred by the Articles of Association, may also exercise all such powers, and do all such acts and things, as may be done by Deswell and are not by the Articles of Association or BVI law expressly directed or required to be exercised or done by a meeting of shareholders. Our Articles of Association provide that the directors may by resolution exercise all the powers of Deswell to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertakings and property or any part thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of Deswell or of any third party.

BVI law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association do not contain an upper age limit requirement for our directors, although a person must have reached the age of eighteen years to be eligible to become one of our directors. Under our Articles of Association, no shares are required for director’s qualification.

Rights, Preferences and Restrictions of Authorized and Outstanding Shares and Changes to Rights of Shareholders

Deswell has one class and series of shares authorized or outstanding: common shares, no par value per share. Our authorized capital consists of 30,000,000 common shares, no par value per share, of which 15,935,239 common shares were outstanding on June 30, 2025.

Holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote for each whole share on all matters to be voted upon by shareholders, including the election of directors. Holders of our common shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. All of our common shares are equal to each other with respect to liquidation and dividend

rights. Holders of our common shares are entitled to receive dividends if and when declared by our board of directors out of funds legally available under BVI law. In the event of our liquidation, all assets available for distribution to the holders of our common shares are distributable among them according to their respective holdings. Holders of our common shares have no preemptive rights to purchase any additional, unissued common shares. There are no provisions of the Articles of Association or Memorandum that impose conditions with respect to changes in Deswell capital that are more stringent than is required by applicable law.

Calling Annual General Meetings and Extraordinary General Meetings of Shareholders

BVI law does not require a company, such as Deswell, to have an annual meeting. Our Articles of Association do, however, require an annual meeting of shareholders for the election of directors and for such other business as may come before the meeting (Regulation 6.3).

Under BVI law, unless otherwise provided by a company’s Memorandum or Articles of Association, the directors may call meetings of shareholders at any time (Regulation 6.1). Under our Articles of Association, upon the written request of shareholders entitled to exercise ten percent or more of the voting rights in respect of the matter for which the meeting is requested, the directors shall convene a meeting of shareholders (Regulation 6.2).

BVI law and our Articles of Association state that the directors may fix the date that notice is given of a meeting of shareholders, whether extraordinary or annual, as the record date for determining those shares that are entitled to vote at the meeting. Under our Articles of Association, the date fixed for an extraordinary or annual meeting of shareholders shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the directors, and which shall not be more than sixty days nor less than ten days before the date of such meeting (Regulation 6.5).

BVI law and our Articles of Association provide that notice of all meetings of shareholders, stating the time, place and purposes thereof, shall be given not fewer than seven days before the date of the proposed meeting to those persons whose names appear as shareholders in our share register on the date of the notice and are entitled to vote at the meeting (Regulation 6.8).

Limitations on Share Ownership

BVI law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association do not impose any limitations on the right of anyone to own, hold or exercise voting rights to our common shares.

Potential Anti-Takeover Deterrence

Neither our Memorandum nor Articles of Association contain provisions that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of Deswell and that would operate only with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate restructuring involving Deswell or any of its subsidiaries. However, pursuant to our Memorandum and Articles of Association and pursuant to the laws of the BVI, our board of directors by resolution of directors without shareholder approval may amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association, which could have the effect of changing the rights of shareholders, provided that a majority of our independent directors do not vote against the amendment and provided further that our directors may not make an amendment:

(a) to restrict the rights or powers of the shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles;

(b) to change the percentage of shareholders required to pass a Resolution of Shareholders to amend the Memorandum or the Articles;

(c) where the Memorandum or the Articles cannot be amended by the Shareholders;

(d) change Clause 7 of our Articles of Association conferring the rights of our shareholders to one vote per share, the right to equal share in dividend paid by the company, or to surplus assets on liquidation; or

(e) change Clause 9 of our Articles of Association which sets forth rights of our shareholders and directors to amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association.

Our directors’ ability to amend our Memorandum and Articles of Association, without shareholder approval in certain circumstances, could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a change in control of Deswell, including a tender offer to purchase our common shares at a premium over the then current market price.

Ownership Information

Neither our Memorandum nor Articles of Association provide that information about our shareholders, even those owning significant percentages of our shares, must be disclosed publicly.

Differences from United States Law

The laws of the BVI governing the provisions of our Memorandum and Articles of Association discussed above are not significantly different than the laws governing similar provisions in the charter documents of Delaware companies, other than with respect to amending our Memorandum and Articles of Association without shareholder approval and with respect to potential anti-takeover deterrence. Delaware law requires shareholders to approve amendments to a corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation, with limited exceptions, and contains provisions restricting the rights of a Delaware corporation with a class of voting stock listed on a national exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 stockholders to engage in a business combination with an “interested stockholder” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder unless the business combination is approved in the manner prescribed under Delaware law.

Material Contracts

During the two years immediately preceding the filing of this Report, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries entered into any material contract, other than contracts in the ordinary course of business.

Taxation

United States Federal Income Tax Consequences

The discussion below is for general information only and is not, and should not be interpreted to be, tax advice to any holder of our common shares. Each holder or a prospective holder of our common shares is urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor.

General

This section is a general summary of the material United States federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders, as defined below, of the ownership and disposition of our common shares as of the date of this Report. This summary is based on the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, the applicable Treasury regulations promulgated and proposed thereunder, judicial decisions and current administrative rulings and practice, all of which are subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis. The summary applies to you only if you hold our common shares as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Code. In addition, this summary generally addresses certain U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders if we were to be classified as a PFIC. The United States Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, may challenge the tax consequences described below, and we have not requested, nor will we request, a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to the United States federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding or disposing of our common shares. This summary does not purport to be a comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to the ownership of our common shares. In particular, the discussion below does not cover tax consequences that depend upon your particular tax circumstances nor does it cover any state, local or foreign law, or the possible application of non-income tax (such as the United States federal estate or gift tax). You are urged to consult your own tax advisors regarding the application of the United States federal income tax laws to your particular situation as well as any state, local, foreign and non-income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of the common shares. In addition, this summary does not take into account any special United States federal income tax rules that apply to a particular U.S. or Non-U.S. holder of our common shares, including, without limitation, the following:

• a dealer in securities or currencies;

• a trader in securities that elects to use a market-to-market method of accounting for its securities holdings;

• a financial institution or a bank;

• an insurance company;

• real estate investment trust;

• regulated investment companies;

• a partnership or other pass-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

• a tax-exempt organization;

• a person that holds our common shares in a hedging transaction or as part of a straddle or a conversion transaction;

• a person whose functional currency for United States federal income tax purposes is not the U.S. dollar;

• a person liable for alternative minimum tax;

• a person that owns, or is treated as owning, 10% or more, by voting power or value, of our common shares;

• certain former U.S. citizens and residents who have expatriated; or

• a person who receives our shares pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation.

U.S. Holders

For purposes of the discussion below, you are a “U.S. Holder” if you are a beneficial owner of our common shares who or which is:

• an individual United States citizen or resident alien of the United States (as specifically defined for United States federal income tax purposes);

• a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State or the District of Columbia;

• an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income tax regardless of its source; or

• a trust (x) if a United States court can exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more United States persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) if it was in existence on August 20, 1996, was treated as a United States person prior to that date and has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

If a partnership, or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes holds our common shares, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and upon the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our common shares, you should consult your tax advisor.

Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC)

A U.S. Holder generally will be subject to a special tax regime if we are a PFIC at any time during which such Holder has held our shares.

A Non-U.S. corporation will be treated as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if, after applying relevant look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of its subsidiaries, 75% or more of its gross income consists of certain types of passive income (the “income test”) or 50% or more of the gross value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during such year) is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents (other than rents and royalties derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person), annuities and gains from assets that produce passive income. An actual determination of PFIC status is factual in nature and cannot be made until the close of the applicable tax year.

The legislative history of the PFIC provisions states that Congress intended that “[i]n applying the PFIC asset test ….., the total value of a publicly-traded foreign corporation’s assets generally will be treated as equal to the sum of the aggregate value of its outstanding stock plus its liabilities.” We do not believe there are currently any rules that

provide further guidance on this issue. Therefore, based on the average ratio of our passive assets to our market cap plus our current liabilities (“Market Cap Value”) at the end of each quarter (“Testing Quarter”) of our fiscal year ended March 31, 2025, we believe that we are a PFIC for such year. We have not conducted an appraisal of the fair market value of all of our assets, including our plant and equipment. However, in the absence of specific guidance, it is at best unclear that such an appraisal, even if it resulted in a fair market value in excess of our market cap, would satisfy the IRS as to our PFIC status.

If we are treated as a PFIC, unless one of the elections described below is made, a special tax regime will apply to both (a) any “excess distribution” by us (generally, the U.S. Holder’s ratable share of distributions in any year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in the three preceding years or its holding period, if shorter) and (b) any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of your common shares. Under the PFIC regime, any excess distribution and recognized gain will be treated as ordinary income. The U.S. federal income tax on such ordinary income is determined under the following steps: (i) the amount of the excess distribution or gain is allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for our common shares; (ii) tax is determined for amounts allocated to the first year in the holding period in which we were classified as a PFIC and all subsequent years (except the year in which the excess distribution was received or the sale occurred) by applying the highest applicable tax rate in effect in the year to which the income was allocated; (iii) an interest charge is added to this tax calculated by applying the underpayment interest rate to the tax for each year determined under the preceding sentence from the due date of the income tax return for such year to the due date of the return for the year in which the excess distribution or sale occurs; and (iv) amounts allocated to a year prior to the first year in the U.S. Holder’s holding period in which we were classified as a PFIC or to the year in which the excess distribution or the disposition occurred are taxed as ordinary income and no interest charge applies.

Under certain attribution rules, if we are a PFIC, U.S. Holders will generally be deemed to own their proportionate share of our direct or indirect equity interest in any company that is also a PFIC (a “Subsidiary PFIC”), and will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on their proportionate share of (a) any “excess distributions,” as described above, on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC and (b) a disposition or deemed disposition of the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC by us or another Subsidiary PFIC, both as if such U.S. Holders directly held the shares of such Subsidiary PFIC. In addition, U.S. Holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any indirect gain realized on the stock of a Subsidiary PFIC on the sale or disposition of our common shares held by such U.S. Holders. Accordingly, U.S. Holders should be aware that they could be subject to tax even if no distributions are received and no redemptions or other dispositions of our common shares held by them are made.

A U.S. Holder may generally avoid the PFIC regime by making a “qualified electing fund” election which generally provides that, in lieu of the foregoing treatment, our earnings and net capital gains, on a pro rata basis, would be currently included in their gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we may be unable or unwilling to provide information to our U.S. Holders that would enable them to make a “qualified electing fund” election; thus, such election may not be available.

In addition, U.S. Holders may generally avoid the PFIC regime by making the “mark-to-market” election with respect to our common shares as long as we are a PFIC and our common shares are considered to be readily tradable on an established securities market within the United States. “Mark-to-market,” in this context, means including in ordinary income each taxable year the excess, if any, of the fair market value of our common shares over your adjusted tax basis in such common shares as of the end of each year. This “mark-to-market” election generally enables a U.S. Holder to avoid the deferred tax amount or interest charge that would otherwise be imposed on them if we were to be classified as a PFIC. However, if we are a PFIC, a mark-to-market election would not be available with respect to stock of a Subsidiary PFIC. You should consult your tax advisors as to the availability and desirability of a mark-to-market election, as well as the impact of such election on interests in any Subsidiary PFIC.

If we are treated as a PFIC at any time that you hold our shares but cease to be classified as a PFIC in a later year, we will continue to be classified as a PFIC with respect to you unless you make a deemed sale election in a timely manner to be taxed as if you sold your shares at their fair market value. In this case, you would pay tax on the gain on the deemed sale treated as ordinary income and an interest charge, and no loss will be allowed to you. If we subsequently become a PFIC, you will again be subject to the general PFIC rules discussed herein.

If we are treated as a PFIC, each U.S. Holder will be required to make an annual return on IRS Form 8621 (unless an exception applies) or its successor, reporting, among other things, distributions received and gain realized with respect to each PFIC in which such holder holds a direct or indirect interest, and may be required to provide other information as specified by the IRS.

An actual determination of PFIC status is highly factual in nature. Given the complexity of the issues that may result if we are classified as or become a PFIC, you are urged to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to you, including any reporting obligations that may be imposed on you, in the event that this should occur, in view of your particular circumstances.

In addition, certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates and certain trusts whose income exceeds certain thresholds will be required to pay a 3.8% Medicare surtax on “net investment income” including interest, dividends and capital gains. U.S. Holders should consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of such tax on their ownership and disposition of our shares.

Non-U.S. Holders

If you are not a U.S. Holder, you are a “Non-U.S. Holder.”

Distributions on Our Common Shares

You generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, on distributions made on our common shares unless:

• you conduct a trade or business in the United States, and

• the distributions are effectively connected with the conduct of that trade or business (and, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for you to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in respect of income from our common shares, such distributions are attributable to a permanent establishment that you maintain in the United States).

If you meet the two tests above, you generally will be subject to tax in respect of such dividends in the same manner as a U.S. Holder as described above (other than with respect to the Medicare tax described above). In addition, any effectively connected dividends received by a non-U.S. corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a 30 percent rate or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.

Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares

Generally, you will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including withholding tax, in respect of gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of our common shares unless:

• your gain is effectively connected with a trade or business that you conduct in the United States (and, if an applicable income tax treaty so requires as a condition for you to be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis in respect of gain from the sale or other disposition of our common shares, such gain is attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by you in the United States), or

• you are an individual Non-U.S. Holder and are present in the United States for at least 183 days in the taxable year of the sale or other disposition, and certain other conditions exist.

You will be subject to tax in respect of any gain effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the United States generally in the same manner as a U.S. Holder as described above (other than with respect to the Medicare tax described above). Effectively connected gains realized by a non-U.S. corporation may also, under certain circumstances, be subject to an additional “branch profits tax” at a rate of 30 percent or such lower rate as may be specified by an applicable income tax treaty.

Backup Withholding and Information Reporting

Payments, including dividends and proceeds of sales, in respect of our common shares that are made in the United States or by a United States related financial intermediary will be subject to United States information reporting rules. In addition, such payments may be subject to United States federal backup withholding tax. You will not be subject to backup withholding provided that:

• you are a corporation or other exempt recipient, or

• you provide your correct United States federal taxpayer identification number and certify, under penalties of perjury, that you are not subject to backup withholding.

Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited against your United States federal income tax, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS in a timely manner.

British Virgin Islands Tax Consequences

Under the BVI BC Act of the BVI as currently in effect, a holder of common equity, such as our shares, who is not a resident of the BVI is exempt from BVI income tax on dividends paid with respect to the common equity and all holders of common equity are not liable to the BVI for income tax or capital gains tax on gains realized on sale or disposal of such shares. The BVI does not impose a withholding tax on dividends paid by a company incorporated under the BVI BC Act.

There are no capital gains, gift or inheritance taxes levied by the BVI on companies, like the Company, which were originally incorporated under the International Business Companies Act and were automatically re-registered under the BVI BC Act. In addition, our common shares are not subject to transfer taxes, stamp duties or similar charges. There is no income tax treaty or convention currently in effect between the United States and the BVI.

The above summary does not address all possible tax consequences relating to a holder of our common shares. As such, you are urged to consult your own tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to you.

Documents on Display

Deswell is subject to the information requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, and, in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Deswell files annual reports on Form 20-F within four months of its fiscal year end, and submits other reports and information under cover of Form 6-K with the SEC. You may read and copy this information at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington DC, 20549. Recent filings and reports are also available free of charge though the EDGAR electronic filing system athttp://www.sec.gov. You can also request copies of the documents, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the public reference section of the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room or accessing documents through EDGAR.

As a foreign private issuer, Deswell is exempt from the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders.

Exchange Controls

There are no exchange control restrictions on payments of dividends on the Company’s common shares or on the conduct of the Company’s operations either in Macao, where the Company’s principal executive offices are located, or the BVI, where the Company is incorporated. Other jurisdictions in which the Company conducts operations may have various exchange controls. There are no material BVI laws which impose foreign exchange controls on the Company or that affect the payment of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of the Company’s common shares. BVI law and the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association impose no limitations on the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold the Company’s Securities or vote the Company’s common shares.

To the extent that the Company may decide to pay cash dividends in the future, such dividends will be determined by resolution of the directors of the Company. The directors may authorize a distribution by way of a dividend at a time and of an amount they think fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after the distribution, the

value of the Company’s assets will exceed its liabilities and the Company will be able to pay its debts as they fall due (i.e. a balance sheet and cash flow test). As the Company is a holding company, the amount available for distribution will be limited by the amount of dividends that can be declared and paid to it by its subsidiaries. Dividends declared by subsidiaries will be based on the profits reported in their statutory accounts prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the relevant countries, primarily Macao and China, which differ from U.S. GAAP. To date these controls, with the exception of a requirement that 10% of profits to be reserved for future developments and staff welfare in China, have not had and are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s financial results.