Alphatec Holdings Inc
For the period ended Dec 31, 2024. Filed Feb 26, 2025.
View on SEC.govAbout this filing
A company's yearly report to the SEC, with audited financial statements. It is the fullest account a company gives of its business, its finances and the risks it sees.
FY2024 · Filed Feb 26, 2025
ATEC$7.44-4.6%Stored close · as of Nov 6, 2026
What changed in Management’s Discussion and Analysis?
Read the current filingPrevious report: 10-K
Period ended 2023-12-31; filed 2024-02-27.
0000950170-24-021302
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCurrent report: 10-K
Period ended 2024-12-31; filed 2025-02-26.
0000950170-25-027916
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsThe baseline is this issuer’s latest earlier reporting period of the same form that was filed before the current report. A previous 10-Q is a different quarter, not a year-over-year comparison. Amendments are excluded.
Compared 96 previous paragraphs and 88 current paragraphs.
56 unchanged; 27 reworded; 5 added; 13 removed; 0 previous and 0 current paragraphs rearranged.
Tables are not compared: 7 previous and 7 current tables excluded. Dates, whitespace, punctuation and numbering changes are ignored; changes to financial figures remain significant.
A changed paragraph is not evidence that risk increased or decreased. An unchanged paragraph does not establish that risk stayed the same.
Added paragraphs (5)
Current report
Amortization expense. Amortization expense increased $2.0 million, or 14%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in amortization expense is primarily due to amortization of intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of Valence in April 2023 and internally-developed software placed in service during 2024.
Current report
Restructuring expenses. Restructuring expenses increased $2.5 million, or 352%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in restructuring expenses is primarily due to costs associated with the relocation of office facilities in Paris, France, and severance and related tax costs incurred in connection with cost rationalization efforts.
Current report
Interest expense, net, increased $8.2 million, or 50%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in interest expense, net, was primarily due to drawing an additional $50.0 million on the Braidwell Term Loan in both September 2023 and October 2024.
Current report
Other (expense) income, net, increased $4.1 million, or 133%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase in other (expense) income, net, was primarily due to foreign currency rates and recognition of an employee retention credit during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Current report
Represents other debt.
Removed paragraphs (13)
Previous report
Recent Developments
Previous report
Public Offering
Previous report
On October 27, 2023, we completed an underwritten public offering (the “Public Offering”) of 14,300,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $10.50 per share. In connection with the Public Offering, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option (the "Green-Shoe") to purchase additional shares of common stock in the offering at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The net proceeds from the Public Offering and Green-Shoe, were approximately $145.8 million, including the underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by us. We expect to use the net proceeds from the Public Offering to fund general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or research and development.
Previous report
Asset Purchase Agreement
Previous report
On April 19, 2023, we entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with Integrity Implants Inc. and Fusion Robotics, LLC (collectively, the “Sellers”), whereby we acquired certain assets, liabilities, employees, and contracts in connection with the Sellers’ navigation-enabled robotics platform (“Valence”). We paid the Sellers cash consideration of $55.0 million for the purchase of Valence.
Previous report
Underwritten Offering
Previous report
On April 19, 2023, we completed a registered securities offering (the “Offering”) of 4,285,715 shares of our common stock at a price of $14.00 per share. The net proceeds from the Offering were approximately $57.5 million, including the underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses paid by us. We used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to fund the purchase of Valence. We expect to use the remaining proceeds to fund the costs related to the post-closing integration and research and development activities related to Valence, as well as to fund general corporate purposes, including working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, or research and development.
Previous report
On January 6, 2023, we entered into a $150.0 million term loan credit facility with Braidwell Transaction Holdings, LLC (the “Braidwell Term Loan”). The Braidwell Term Loan provided for an initial term loan of $100.0 million which was funded on the closing date. On September 28, 2023, we drew the additional $50.0 million (the “delayed draw term loan(s)” or the “DDTL”). The Braidwell Term Loan matures on January 6, 2028. Borrowings under the Braidwell Term Loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate for such SOFR business day ("SOFR") subject to a 3% floor, plus 5.75%.
Previous report
Amortization of acquired intangible assets. The increase of amortization of acquired intangible assets is primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets acquired in the Valence acquisition.
Previous report
Restructuring expenses. The decrease in restructuring costs for the year ended December 31, 2023 is due to cost rationalization efforts that were completed during the year ended December 31, 2022.
Previous report
The increase in interest expense, net, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 30, 2022, was primarily due to interest on our revolving credit facility and Braidwell Term Loan which were executed in September 2022 and January 2023, respectively. The change in other income, net, compared to the same in 2022, was primarily due to an employee retention credit received during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Previous report
Includes our headquarters building lease that commenced in February 2021.
Previous report
Represents cash repayments of government sponsored COVID relief initiatives at EOS.
Reworded paragraphs (27)
Previous wording
We are a medical technology company, headquartered in Carlsbad, California, focused on the design, development, and advancement of technology for better surgical treatment of spine disorders. By applying our unique, 100% spine focus and deep, collective industry know-how, we aim to revolutionize the approach to spine surgery through clinical distinction. The sophisticated approaches that we create from the ground up integrate with our expanding Alpha InformatiX™ product platform to objectively inform surgery and achieve the goals of spine surgery more predictably and more reproducibly. We have a comprehensive product portfolio designed to address the spine’s various pathologies, and are perpetually innovating to accomplish our ultimate vision, which is to be the standard bearer in spine.
Current wording
We are a medical technology company, headquartered in Carlsbad, California, focused on the design, development, and advancement of technology for better surgical treatment of spine disorders. By applying our unique, 100% spine focus and deep industry know-how, we aim to revolutionize spine surgery through clinical distinction. The sophisticated approaches that we create from the ground up integrate with our expanding Alpha InformatiX™ ("AIX") platform to objectively inform surgery and achieve the goals of spine surgery more predictably and more reproducibly. We have a comprehensive product portfolio designed to address the spine’s various pathologies and we are perpetually innovating to accomplish our vision to be the standard bearer in spine.
Previous wording
The application of our team’s deep spine know-how, coupled with a willingness to invest holistically in each of the technologies integrated into all of ATEC’s procedural approaches continues to increasingly compel surgeons and sales talent to partner with us. That adoption-driven validation has been the source of industry-leading market share expansion, which has delivered an approximately 40% revenue compound annual growth rate since our transformation commenced in 2018.
Current wording
The application of our team’s deep spine know-how, coupled with a willingness to invest holistically in each of the technologies integrated into all of our procedural approaches continues to increasingly compel surgeons and sales talent to partner with us. That adoption-driven validation has been the source of industry-leading market share expansion, which has delivered an approximately 40% revenue compound annual growth rate since our transformation commenced in 2018.
Previous wording
Revenue. We derive our revenue primarily from the sale of spinal surgery implants used in the treatment of spine disorders as well as the sale of medical imaging equipment which is used for surgical planning and post-operative assessment. Spinal implant products include pedicle screws and complementary implants, interbody devices, plates, and tissue-based materials. Medical imaging equipment includes our EOS full-body and weight-bearing x-ray imaging devices, and related services. Our revenue is generated by our direct sales force and independent sales agents. Our products are shipped and invoiced to hospitals and surgical centers. Currently, most of our business is conducted with customers within markets in which we have experience and with payment terms that are customary to our business. We may defer revenue until the time of collection if circumstances related to payment terms, regional market risk or customer history indicate that collectability is not certain.
Current wording
Revenue. We derive our revenue primarily from the sale of spinal surgery implants used in the treatment of spine disorders, as well as from the sale of medical imaging equipment which is used for surgical planning and post-operative assessment. Spinal implant products include pedicle screws and complementary implants, interbody devices, plates, and tissue-based materials. Medical imaging equipment includes our EOS full-body and weight-bearing x-ray imaging devices, and related services. Our revenue is generated by our direct sales force and independent sales agents. Our products are shipped and invoiced to hospitals and surgical centers. Currently, most of our business is conducted with customers within markets in which we have experience and with payment terms that are customary to our business. We may defer revenue until the time of collection if circumstances related to payment terms, regional market risk or customer history indicate that collectability is not certain.
Previous wording
Amortization of acquired intangible assets. Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists of intangible assets acquired in business combinations and asset purchases.
Current wording
Amortization expense. Amortization expense includes amortization of acquired intangible assets and amortization of internally-developed software that has been placed in service. Amortization of acquired intangible assets consists of intangible assets acquired in business combinations and asset purchases.
Previous wording
Revenue from products and services increased by $131.4 million, or 37%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product volume that was due to the increase in our surgeon user base, continued expansion of our product portfolio, and increasing adoption of our technology.
Current wording
Revenue from products and services increased by $129.3 million, or 27%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product volume that was due to the increase in our surgeon user base, continued expansion of our product portfolio, and increasing adoption of our technology.
Previous wording
Cost of sales increased by $54.3 million, or 46%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product volume and an increase in stock-based compensation. We have entered into Development Service Agreements for the development of a wide variety of potential products and intellectual property. Under these agreements, future payments for product and/or intellectual property rights may be paid in either cash or restricted shares of our common stock at the election of the developer, depending on the terms of the agreement. Certain of these agreements have been amended to remove the cash option and require settlement in restricted shares of our common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the vesting conditions of certain of these amended awards were deemed probable, resulting in an increase in stock-based compensation for the year.
Current wording
Cost of sales increased by $15.2 million, or 9%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in product volume offset by a decrease in stock-based compensation. We have entered into Development Service Agreements for the development of a wide variety of potential products and intellectual property. Under these agreements, future royalty payments for product and/or intellectual property rights may be paid in either cash or restricted shares of our common stock at the election of the developer, depending on the terms of the agreement. Certain of these agreements were amended to remove the cash royalty option and require settlement in restricted shares of our common stock. Stock-based compensation associated with these awards was higher during the year ended December 31, 2023 as the vesting conditions of certain of these amended awards that met the requirements for presentation within cost of sales were deemed probable at that time.
Previous wording
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses increased by $26.1 million, or 59%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel to support the expansion of our new product portfolio and an increase in stock-based compensation associated with Development Service Agreements described above.
Current wording
Research and development expenses. Research and development expenses increased by $10.6 million, or 15%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in personnel to support the expansion of our new product portfolio and an increase in stock-based compensation associated with Development Service Agreements (as described above), as the vesting conditions of certain of these amended awards, that met the requirements for presentation within research and development, were deemed probable during the year.
Previous wording
Sales, general and administrative expenses. Sales, general and administrative expenses increased by $74.1 million, or 25%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation-related costs and variable selling expenses associated with the increase in revenue, and our continued investment in building our strategic sales channel. Additionally, we have increased our investment in our sales and marketing functions by increasing headcount to support the growth of our business.
Current wording
Sales, general and administrative expenses. Sales, general and administrative expenses increased by $76.1 million, or 20%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher compensation-related costs and variable selling expenses associated with the increase in revenue, and our continued investment in building our strategic sales channel. Additionally, we have increased our investment in our sales and marketing functions by increasing headcount to support the growth of our business.
Previous wording
Litigation-related expenses. Litigation-related expenses decreased by $1.7 million, or 7%, during the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily related to a decrease in legal fees associated with our previously settled litigation matters. Refer to Note 7 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding litigation matters.
Current wording
Litigation-related expenses. Litigation-related expenses decreased by $12.5 million, or 56%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was primarily related to a decrease in legal fees associated with our previously settled litigation matters. Refer to Note 7 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding litigation matters.
Previous wording
Transaction-related expenses. The increase in transaction-related expenses for the year ended December 31, 2023 is primarily due to the closing of the Valence acquisition.
Current wording
Transaction-related expenses. Transaction-related expenses decreased $1.9 million, or 90%, during the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease in transaction-related expenses is due to the Valence acquisition in April 2023.
Previous wording
Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents, our Revolving Credit Facility, and cash from operations. Our liquidity and capital structure are evaluated regularly within the context of our annual operating and strategic planning process. We consider the liquidity necessary to fund our operations, which includes working capital needs, investments in research and development, investments in inventory and instrument sets to support our customers, as well as other operating costs. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales, marketing and administrative activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, and the international expansions of our business.
Current wording
Our principal sources of liquidity are our existing cash and cash equivalents, our Revolving Credit Facility, and cash from operations. Our liquidity and capital structure are evaluated regularly within the context of our annual operating and strategic planning process. We consider the liquidity necessary to fund our operations, which includes working capital needs, investments in research and development, investments in our sales channel and expansion, investments in inventory and instrument sets to support our customers, as well as other operating costs. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the expansion of sales, marketing and administrative activities, the timing of introductions of new products and enhancements to existing products, and the international expansions of our business.
Previous wording
We do not have any material financial exposure to one customer or one country that would significantly hinder our liquidity. We are and may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from our business activities. While we have no material accruals for pending litigation or claims for which accrual amounts are not disclosed in our consolidated financial statements, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of a proceeding, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period. We assess contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in our consolidated financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events because litigation is inherently unpredictable, and unfavorable resolutions could occur. When evaluating contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against us may be unsupported, exaggerated, or unrelated to reasonably possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of our potential liability. We have disclosed all material accruals for pending litigation or investigations in Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.
Current wording
We do not have any material financial exposure to one customer or one country, outside the U.S., that would significantly hinder our liquidity. We are and may become involved in various legal proceedings arising from our business activities. While we have no material accruals for pending litigation or claims for which accrual amounts are not disclosed in our consolidated financial statements, litigation is inherently unpredictable, and depending on the nature and timing of a proceeding, an unfavorable resolution could materially affect our future consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position in a particular period. We assess contingencies to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual or disclosure in our consolidated financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in our consolidated financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events because litigation is inherently unpredictable, and unfavorable resolutions could occur. When evaluating contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and/or the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matters. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against us may be unsupported, exaggerated, or unrelated to reasonably possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of our potential liability. We have disclosed all material accruals for pending litigation or investigations in Note 7, Commitments and Contingencies, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.
Previous wording
Cash and cash equivalents were $221.0 million and $84.7 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. We have available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility discussed above. We believe that our existing funds, cash generated from our operations and our existing sources of and access to financing are adequate to satisfy our needs for working capital, capital expenditure, debt service requirements and other business initiatives we plan to strategically pursue.
Current wording
Cash and cash equivalents were $138.8 million and $221.0 million at December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. We have available borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility discussed above. We believe that our existing funds, cash generated from our operations and our existing sources of and access to financing are adequate to satisfy our needs for working capital, capital expenditure, debt service requirements and other business initiatives we plan to strategically pursue.
Previous wording
We used net cash of $78.5 million from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2023. The cash used in operating activities primarily related to costs associated with the continued expansion of our business and inventory purchases, offset by the timing of cash payments and receipts.
Current wording
We used net cash of $44.7 million from operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2024. The cash used in operating activities primarily related to costs associated with the continued expansion of our business and inventory purchases, offset by the timing of cash payments and receipts.
Previous wording
We used cash of $142.0 million in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is primarily related to the acquisition of Valence and purchase of surgical instruments to support the commercial launch of new products and growth of our business.
Current wording
We used cash of $93.1 million in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, which is primarily related to the purchase of surgical instruments to support the growth of our business and commercial launch of new products.
Previous wording
Financing activities provided net cash of $356.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, which is primarily related to net proceeds from the Braidwell Term Loan, the Revolving Credit Facility, and the equity offerings described above, offset by payment of outstanding OCEANEs, defined below.
Current wording
Financing activities provided net cash of $56.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which is primarily related to proceeds from our term loan and net draws on our revolving line of credit.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2023, we had $150.0 million outstanding under the Braidwell Term Loan. The outstanding loans under the Braidwell Term Loan bear interest at the sum of SOFR plus 5.75% per annum. The Braidwell Term Loan matures on January 6, 2028.
Current wording
As of December 31, 2024, we had $200.0 million outstanding under the Braidwell Term Loan. The outstanding loans under the Braidwell Term Loan bear interest at the sum of SOFR plus 5.75% per annum. The Braidwell Term Loan matures on January 6, 2028.
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2023, we had $49.7 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The outstanding loans bear interest at the sum of SOFR plus 3.5% per annum. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on the earlier of September 29, 2027, or 90 days prior to the final maturity date of any of our outstanding 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes").
Current wording
As of December 31, 2024, we had $63.3 million outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility. The outstanding loans bear interest at the sum of SOFR plus 3.5% per annum. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on the earlier of September 29, 2027, or 90 days prior to the final maturity date of any of our outstanding 0.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 (the "2026 Notes").
Previous wording
As of December 31, 2023, we had $4.5 million in other debts that are due in monthly and quarterly installments through maturity in 2027.
Current wording
As of December 31, 2024, we had $3.0 million in other debts that are due in monthly and quarterly installments through maturity in 2027.
Previous wording
We have an inventory purchase commitment agreement with a third-party supplier, where we are obligated to certain minimum purchase commitment requirements through December 2025. As of December 31, 2023, the remaining minimum purchase commitment under the agreement was $13.9 million.
Current wording
We have an inventory purchase commitment agreement with a third-party supplier, where we are obligated to certain minimum purchase commitment requirements through December 2025. As of December 31, 2024, the remaining minimum purchase commitment under the agreement was $8.8 million.
Previous wording
Includes inventory purchase commitments of $13.9 million.
Current wording
Includes inventory purchase commitments of $8.8 million.
Previous wording
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for accounts receivable, inventories and intangible assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumption conditions.
Current wording
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowances for accounts receivable, inventories, intangible assets, stock-based compensation, and income taxes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumption conditions.
Previous wording
We recognize revenue from product sales in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”)Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases, insurance, collaboration arrangements, and financial instruments. Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services that we transfer to the customer.
Current wording
We recognize revenue from product sales in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). This standard applies to all contracts with customers, except for contracts that are within the scope of other standards, such as leases. Under Topic 606, an entity recognizes revenue when its customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for arrangements that an entity determines are within the scope of Topic 606, the entity performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation. We only apply the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that we will collect the consideration we are entitled to in exchange for the goods or services that we transfer to the customer.
Previous wording
Sales are derived primarily from the sale of spinal implant products, imaging equipment, and related services to hospitals and medical centers through direct sales representatives and independent sales agents. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with customers are satisfied, which occurs with the transfer of control of products to customers, either upon shipment of the product or delivery of the product to the customer depending on the shipping terms, or when the products are used in a surgical procedure (implanted in a patient). Revenue from the sale of imaging equipment is recognized as each distinct performance obligation is fulfilled and control transfers to the customer, beginning with shipment or delivery, depending on the terms. Revenue from other distinct performance obligations, such as maintenance on imaging equipment, and other imaging related services, is recognized in the period the service is performed, and makes up less than 10% of our total revenue. Revenue is measured based on the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for the transfer of the goods or services specified in the contract with each customer. In certain cases, we offer the ability for customers to lease our imaging equipment primarily on a non-sales type basis, but such arrangements are immaterial to total revenue in the years presented. We generally do not allow returns of products that have been delivered. Costs incurred by us associated with sales contracts with customers are deferred over the performance obligation period and recognized in the same period as the related revenue, except for contracts that complete within one year or less, in which case the associated costs are expensed as incurred. Payment terms for sales to customers may vary but are commensurate with the general business practices in the country of sale.
Current wording
Sales are derived primarily from the sale of spinal implant products, imaging equipment, and related services to hospitals and medical centers. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with customers are satisfied, which occurs with the transfer of control of products to customers, either upon shipment of the product or delivery of the product to the customer depending on the shipping terms, or when the products are used in a surgical procedure (implanted in a patient). Revenue from the sale of imaging equipment is recognized as each distinct performance obligation is fulfilled and control transfers to the customer, beginning with shipment or delivery, depending on the contract terms. Revenue from other distinct performance obligations, such as maintenance on imaging equipment, and other imaging related services, is recognized in the period the service is performed, and makes up less than 10% of our total revenue. In certain cases, we offer the ability for customers to lease our imaging equipment primarily on a non-sales type basis, but such arrangements are immaterial to total revenue in the years presented. We generally do not allow returns of products that have been delivered. Costs incurred by us associated directly with sales contracts with customers are deferred over the performance obligation period and recognized in the same period as the related revenue, except for contracts that complete within one year or less, in which case the associated costs are expensed as incurred. Payment terms for sales to customers may vary but are commensurate with the general business practices in the country of sale.
Previous wording
We record a contract asset when one or more performance obligations have been completed and revenue has been recognized, but the customer's payment is contingent on the satisfaction of additional performance obligations. We record a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when we have an obligation to provide a product or service to the customer and payment is received in advance of our performance. When we sell a product or service with a future performance obligation, revenue is deferred on the unfulfilled performance obligation and recognized over the related performance period. Generally, we do not have observable evidence of the standalone selling price related to our future service obligations; therefore, we estimate the selling price using an expected cost plus a margin approach. The transaction price is allocated using the relative standalone selling price method. The use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of revenue deferral.
Current wording
We record a contract asset when one or more performance obligations have been completed and revenue has been recognized, but the customer's payment is contingent on the satisfaction of additional performance obligations. We record a contract liability, or deferred revenue, when we have an obligation to provide a product or service to the customer and payment is received in advance of our performance. When we sell a product or service with a future performance obligation, revenue is deferred on the unfulfilled performance obligation and recognized over the related performance period. Generally, we estimate the selling price of promised services included in the equipment sales price using an expected cost plus a margin approach and/or the separately observable price of such service, if available. The transaction price for a contract’s various performance obligations is allocated using the relative standalone selling price method. The use of alternative estimates could result in a different amount of revenue deferral.
Previous wording
Most of our inventory is comprised of finished goods, and we primarily utilize third-party suppliers to produce our products. Specialized implants, fixation products, and biologics are determined by utilizing a standard cost method, which includes capitalized variances, which approximates the weighted average cost. Imaging equipment and related parts are valued at weighted average cost. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We review the components of inventory on a periodic basis for excess and obsolescence and adjust inventory to its net realizable value as necessary.
Current wording
Most of our inventory is comprised of finished goods, and we primarily utilize third-party suppliers to produce our products. Specialized implants, fixation products, biologics, and imaging equipment are determined by utilizing a standard cost method, which includes capitalized variances, which approximates the weighted average cost. Component parts related to the imaging equipment are valued at weighted average cost. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We review the components of inventory on a periodic basis for excess and obsolescence and adjust inventory to its net realizable value as necessary.
Previous wording
Our intangible assets are comprised primarily of purchased technology, customer relationships, trade name, trademarks, and in-process research and development. We make significant judgments in relation to the valuation of intangible assets resulting from business combinations and asset acquisitions. Intangible assets are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 2 to 12 years. We base the useful lives and related amortization expense on the period of time we estimate the assets will generate net sales or otherwise be used. We also periodically review the lives assigned to our intangible assets to ensure that our initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which we expect to realize cash flows. If a change were to occur in any of the above-mentioned factors or estimates, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase. We evaluate our intangible assets with finite lives for indications of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant under-performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. If this evaluation indicates that the value of the intangible asset may be impaired, we make an assessment of the recoverability of the net carrying value of the asset over its remaining useful life. If this assessment indicates that the intangible asset is not recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset over the remaining amortization period, we reduce the net carrying value of the related intangible asset to fair value and may adjust the remaining amortization period. Significant judgment is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the discounted cash flow valuation models. It is possible that plans may change and estimates used may prove to be inaccurate. If our actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses, are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, we could incur additional impairment charges.
Current wording
Our intangible assets are comprised primarily of purchased technology, internally developed software, customer relationships, trade name, trademarks, and in-process research and development. We make significant judgments in relation to the valuation of intangible assets resulting from business combinations and asset acquisitions. Intangible assets are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 2 to 12 years. We base the useful lives and related amortization expense on the period of time we estimate the assets will generate net sales or otherwise be used. We also periodically review the lives assigned to our intangible assets to ensure that our initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which we expect to realize cash flows. If a change were to occur in any of the above-mentioned factors or estimates, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase. We evaluate our intangible assets with finite lives for indications of impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors that could trigger an impairment review include significant under-performance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business or significant negative industry or economic trends. If this evaluation indicates that the value of the intangible asset may be impaired, we make an assessment of the recoverability of the net carrying value of the asset over its remaining useful life. If this assessment indicates that the intangible asset is not recoverable, based on the estimated undiscounted future cash flows of the asset over the remaining amortization period, we reduce the net carrying value of the related intangible asset to fair value and may adjust the remaining amortization period. Significant judgment is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the discounted cash flow valuation models. It is possible that plans may change and estimates used may prove to be inaccurate. If our actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses, are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, we could incur additional impairment charges.