Amalgamated Financial Corp

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

3. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The Company records unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, on securities available for sale in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity. Gains and losses on securities available for sale are reclassified to operations as the gains or losses are recognized. Other-than-temporary impairment losses on debt securities are reflected in earnings as realized losses to the extent the impairment is related to credit losses. The amount of the impairment related to other factors is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The Company also recognizes as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) the actuarial gains or losses as well as the prior service costs or credits that arise during the period from post-retirement benefit plans.

Other comprehensive income (loss) components and related income tax effects were as follows:

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The following is a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of income taxes:

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

4. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale and held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2023 are as follows:

As of December 31, 2023, available for sale securities with a fair value of $909.9 million were pledged and held-to-maturity securities with a fair value of $512.3 million were pledged. The majority of the securities were pledged to the FHLBNY to secure outstanding advances, letters of credit and to provide additional borrowing potential. In addition, securities were pledged to provide capacity to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank, secure outstanding Bank Term Funding Program advances, and to collateralize municipal deposits.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale and held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2022 are as follows:

As of December 31, 2022, available for sale securities with a fair value of $907.1 million were pledged; $126.6 million held-to-maturity securities were pledged. The majority of the securities were pledged to the FHLBNY to secure outstanding advances, letters of credit and to provide additional borrowing potential. In addition, securities were pledged to provide capacity to borrow from the Federal Reserve and to collateralize municipal deposits.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, there were no transfers of securities between available for sale and held-to-maturity. The Company reassessed the classification of certain investments during the year ended December 31, 2022 and transferred securities with a book value of $277.3 million from available for sale to held-to-maturity. The transfer occurred at fair market value totaling $260.1 million. The related unrealized losses of $17.1 million were converted to a discount that is being accreted through interest income on a level-yield method over the term of the securities, while the unrealized losses recorded in other comprehensive income are amortized out of other comprehensive income through interest income on a level-yield method over the remaining term of the securities, with no net change to interest income. No gain or loss was recorded at the time of the transfer.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities available for sale and held-to-maturity, exclusive of mortgage-backed securities, by their contractual maturity as of December 31, 2023. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalty:

Proceeds received and gains and losses realized on sales of securities are summarized below:

There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities during the year ended December 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

The Company controls and monitors inherent credit risk in its securities portfolio through due diligence, diversification, concentration limits, periodic securities reviews, and by investing in low risk securities. This includes high quality Non-Agency Securities, low LTV PACE Bonds and a significant portion of the securities portfolio in GSE obligations. GSEs include the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) and the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation whereas FHLMC and FNMA are private. Mortgage-related securities may include mortgage pass-through certificates, participation certificates and CMOs. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders' equity.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

The following summarizes the fair value and unrealized losses for those available for sale and held-to-maturity securities as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, segregated between securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer at the respective dates:

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Available for sale securities

As discussed in Note 1, upon adoption of the Current Expected Credit Losses ("CECL") standard, no allowance for credit losses was recorded on available for sale securities. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company charged-off an unrealized loss position of $1.2 million related to a corporate bond related to Silicon Valley Bank following credit concerns over the issuer, and the sale of the security resulted in an immaterial additional loss.

As of December 31, 2023, none of the Company’s available for sale debt securities were in an unrealized loss position due to credit and therefore no allowance for credit losses on available for sale debt securities was required. The temporary impairment of fixed income securities is primarily attributable to changes in overall market interest rates and/or changes in credit/liquidity spreads since the investments were acquired. In general, as market interest rates rise and/or credit/liquidity spreads widen, the fair value of fixed rate securities will decrease, as market interest rates fall and/or credit spreads tighten, the fair value of fixed rate securities will increase.

With respect to the Company’s security investments that are temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2023, management does not intend to sell these investments and does not believe it will be necessary to do so before anticipated recovery. If either criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met, the security's amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. The Company expects to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of these investments. Therefore, the Company

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

does not hold an allowance for credit losses for available for sale securities at December 31, 2023.

Held-to-maturity securities

Management conducts an evaluation of expected credit losses on held-to-maturity securities on a collective basis by security type. Management monitors the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity through reasonable and supportable forecasts, reviews of credit trends on underlying assets, credit ratings, and other factors. Holdings of securities issued by GSEs with unrealized losses are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, and are highly rated by major rating agencies and have a long history of no credit losses.

With the exception of PACE assessments, which are generally not rated, our traditional securities were rated investment grade by at least one nationally recognized statistical rating organization with no ratings below investment grade. All issues were current as to their interest payments. We have had insignificant losses on PACE assessments that we have invested in and are not aware of any significant losses in the PACE bonds sector given the low loan-to-value position and the superior lien position on the property. Management considers that the temporary impairment of these investments as of December 31, 2023 is primarily due to an increase in interest rates and spreads since the time these investments were acquired.

Accrued interest receivable on securities totaling$35.1 million and $23.2 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, was included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheet and excluded from the amortized cost and estimated fair value totals in the table above.

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for securities held-to-maturity for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

The Company owned 43,892 shares and 296,068 shares at a cost of $100 per share at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Dividend income on FHLBNY stock amounted to approximately $0.8 million, $0.5 million, $0.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.