BrightSpire Capital Inc

8. Debt

The following table presents debt as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

(1)Subject to customary non-recourse carveouts.

(2)Difference between principal amount and carrying value of securitization bonds payable, net and mortgage and other notes payable, net is attributable to deferred financing costs, net and premium/discount on mortgage notes payable.

(3)The Company, through indirect Cayman subsidiaries, securitized commercial mortgage loans originated by the Company. Senior notes issued by the securitization trusts were generally sold to third parties and subordinated notes retained by the Company. These securitizations are accounted for as secured financing with the underlying mortgage loans pledged as collateral. Principal payments from underlying collateral loans must be applied to repay the notes until fully paid off, irrespective of the contractual maturities on the notes. Underlying collateral loans have initial terms oftwo tothree years.

(4)As of June 17, 2021, the benchmark index interest rate for CLNC 2019-FL1 was converted from the one-month London Interbank Offered Rates (“LIBOR”) to Compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus a benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points. As of February 19, 2022, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from Compounded SOFR to Term SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points, conforming with the indenture agreement. As of May 26, 2023, the benchmark index interest rate for BRSP 2021-FL1 was converted from LIBOR to Term SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points, conforming with the indenture agreement.

(5)On August 19, 2024, the Company redeemed the outstanding securities under CLNC 2019-FL1, including the 2019-FL1 Notes, at a redemption price of $311.6 million.

(6)As of December 31, 2024, the outstanding principal of the mortgage payable was NOK 1.5 billion, which translated to $132.9 million. In July 2024, the trustee placed the property into a cash flow sweep where excess cash flow is utilized to amortize the principal of the mortgage.

(7)Payment terms are periodic payment of principal and interest for debt ontwo properties and periodic payment of interest only with principal at maturity (except for principal repayments to release collateral properties disposed) for debt onone property.

(8)Represents a mortgage note collateralized bythree properties.

(9)The mortgage payable collateralized by Other real estate 1 was extended in December 2024 to December 2027, the current maturity date. The Company has aone-year extension available, subject to satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.

(10)The mortgage payable collateralized by Other real estate 2 is in maturity default as of January 2025. The Company is currently negotiating an extension with its lender and remains current on interest payments.

(11)In June 2023, the Company completed a refinancing of Loan 1 which modified the interest rate to SOFR plus 4.25%. The current maturity of the note payable is June 2025, with aone-year extension available at the Company’s option, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.

(12)On January 28, 2022, the Company, through its subsidiaries, including the OP, entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Refer to “Bank Credit Facility” within this note for more details.

(13)Recourse solely with respect to 25.0% of the financed amount.

(14)The current maturity date is April 2025, withtwo one-year extensions available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.

(15)Represents the weighted average spread as of December 31, 2024. The contractual interest rate depends upon asset type and characteristics and ranges from SOFR plus 1.50% to 2.75%.

(16)The current maturity date is April 2026, with aone-year extension available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.

(17)Recourse is either 25.0% or 50.0% depending on loan metrics.

(18)The current maturity date is June 2025, withtwo one-year extensions available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.

(19)The current maturity date is November 2026, with three one-year extensions available at the option of the Company, which may be exercised upon the satisfaction of certain customary conditions set forth in the governing documents.

Future Minimum Principal Payments

The following table summarizes future scheduled minimum principal payments at December 31, 2024 based on initial maturity dates or extended maturity dates to the extent criteria are met and the extension option is at the borrower’s discretion (dollars in thousands):

Bank Credit Facility

The Company uses bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities) to finance the business. These financings may be collateralized or non-collateralized and may involve one or more lenders. Credit facilities typically have maturities ranging fromtwo tofive years and may accrue interest at either fixed or floating rates.

On January 28, 2022, the OP (together with certain subsidiaries of the OP from time to time party thereto as borrowers, collectively, the “Borrowers”) entered into an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent”), and the several lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Lenders”), pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to provide a revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $165.0 million, of which up to $25.0 million is available as letters of credit. Loans under the Credit Agreement may be advanced in U.S. dollars and certain foreign currencies, including euros, pounds sterling and Swiss francs. The Credit Agreement amended and restated the OP’s prior $300.0 million revolving credit facility that would have matured on February 1, 2022.

The Credit Agreement also includes an option for the Borrowers to increase the maximum available principal amount of up to $300.0 million, subject to one or more new or existing Lenders agreeing to provide such additional loan commitments and satisfaction of other customary conditions.

Advances under the Credit Agreement accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the applicable Borrower’s election, either (x) an adjusted SOFR rate plus a margin of 2.25%, or (y) a base rate equal to the highest of (i) the Wall Street Journal’s prime rate, (ii) the federal funds rate plus 0.50% and (iii) the adjusted SOFR rate plus 1.00%, plus a margin of 1.25%. An unused commitment fee at a rate of 0.25% or 0.35%, per annum, depending on the amount of facility utilization, applies to un-utilized borrowing capacity under the Credit Agreement. Amounts owed under the Credit Agreement may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage costs in the case of borrowings with respect to which a SOFR rate election is in effect.

The maximum amount available for borrowing at any time under the Credit Agreement is limited to a borrowing base valuation of certain investment assets, with the valuation of such investment assets generally determined according to a percentage of adjusted net book value. As of December 31, 2024, the borrowing base valuation is sufficient to permit borrowings of up to the entire $165.0 million. If any borrowing is outstanding for more than 180 days after its initial draw, the borrowing base valuation will be reduced by 50% until all outstanding borrowings are repaid in full. The ability to borrow new amounts under the Credit Agreement terminates on January 31, 2026, at which time the OP may, at its election and by written notice to the Administrative Agent, extend the termination date fortwo additional terms ofsix months each, subject to the terms and conditions in the Credit Agreement, resulting in a latest termination date of January 31, 2027.

The obligations of the Borrowers under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed pursuant to a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement by substantially all material wholly owned subsidiaries of the OP (the “Guarantors”) in favor of the Administrative Agent (the “Guarantee and Collateral Agreement”) and, subject to certain exceptions, secured by a pledge of substantially all equity interests owned by the Borrowers and the Guarantors, as well as by a security interest in deposit accounts of the Borrowers and the Guarantors in which the proceeds of investment asset distributions are maintained.

The Credit Agreement contains various affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, the obligation of the Company to maintain REIT status and be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and limitations on debt, liens and restricted payments. In addition, the Credit Agreement includes the following financial covenants applicable to the OP and its consolidated subsidiaries: (a) minimum consolidated tangible net worth of the OP to be greater than or equal to the sum of (i) $1,112,000,000 and (ii)70% of the net cash proceeds received by the OP from any offering of its common equity after September 30, 2021 and of the net cash proceeds from any offering by the Company of its common equity to the extent such proceeds are contributed to the OP, excluding any such proceeds that are contributed to the OP within ninety (90) days of receipt and applied to acquire capital stock of the OP; (b) the OP’s ratio of EBITDA plus lease expenses to fixed charges for any period of four consecutive fiscal quarters to be not less than 1.50 to 1.00; (c) the OP’s minimum interest coverage ratio to be not less than 3.00 to 1.00; and (d) the OP’s ratio of consolidated total debt to consolidated total assets to be not more than 0.80 to 1.00. The Credit Agreement also includes customary events of default, including, among other things, failure to make payments when due, breach of covenants or representations, cross default to material indebtedness, material judgment defaults, bankruptcy matters involving any Borrower or any Guarantor and certain change of control events. The occurrence of an event of default will limit the ability of the OP and its subsidiaries to make distributions and may result in the termination of the credit facility, acceleration of repayment obligations and the exercise of remedies by the Lenders with respect to the collateral.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Securitization Financing Transactions

Securitization bonds payable, net represent debt issued by securitization vehicles consolidated by the Company. Senior notes issued by these securitization trusts were generally sold to third parties and subordinated notes retained by the Company. Following expiration of the reinvestment period, payments from underlying collateral loans must be applied to repay the notes until fully paid off, irrespective of the contractual maturities of the loans.

The Company evaluated the key terms in the collateralized loan obligation (“CLO”) governing documents of the issuers of the CRE CLOs (“CRE CLO Issuers”), which are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Company, to determine if they were VIEs and, if so, whether the Company was the primary beneficiary and therefore consolidate the CRE CLOs. The Company concluded that the CRE CLO Issuers are VIEs and the Company is the primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the most significant activities of the CRE CLO Issuers, the obligation to absorb losses to the extent of its equity investments, and the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to these entities.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $1.3 billion carrying value of CRE debt investments and other assets financed with $1.1 billion of securitization bonds payable, net. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $1.2 billion carrying value of CRE debt investments financed with $913.9 million of securitization bonds payable, net.

CLNC 2019-FL1

In October 2019, the Company executed a securitization transaction, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, CLNC 2019-FL1, Ltd. and CLNC 2019-FL1, LLC (collectively, “CLNC 2019-FL1”), which resulted in the sale of $840.4 million of investment grade notes (the “2019-FL1 Notes”).

On August 19, 2024, the Company redeemed the outstanding securities under CLNC 2019-FL1, including the 2019-FL1 Notes, at a redemption price of $311.6 million. There was no realized gain or loss associated with the redemption. The 14 senior loan investments, with an aggregate unpaid principal balance of $477.7 million, held by CLNC 2019-FL1 were refinanced by proceeds from the issuance of the 2024-FL2 Notes (as defined below) and an existing Master Repurchase Facility.

BRSP 2021-FL1

In July 2021, the Company executed a securitization transaction through wholly-owned subsidiaries, BRSP 2021-FL1, Ltd. and BRSP 2021-FL1, LLC (collectively, “BRSP 2021-FL1”), which resulted in the sale of $670.0 million of investment grade notes.

As of May 26, 2023, the benchmark index interest rate was converted from LIBOR to Term SOFR, plus a benchmark adjustment of 11.448 basis points, pursuant to the indenture agreement. Term SOFR for any interest accrual period shall be the one-month CME Term SOFR reference rate as published by the CME Group benchmark administration on each benchmark determination date.

BRSP 2021-FL1 included atwo-year reinvestment feature that allowed the Company to contribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for proceeds from repayments or repurchases of loans held in BRSP 2021-FL1, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. The reinvestment period for BRSP 2021-FL1 expired on July 20, 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2024, two loans held in BRSP 2021-FL1 were fully repaid, totaling $79.7 million, andfour loans were partially repaid totaling $11.4 million. The proceeds from the repayments were used to amortize the securitization bonds in accordance with the securitization priority of repayments. At December 31, 2024, the Company had $639.5 million of unpaid principal balance of CRE debt investments financed with BRSP 2021-FL1. As of December 31, 2024, the securitization reflects an advance rate of 79.7% at a weighted average cost of funds of Term SOFR plus 1.59% (before transaction costs), and is collateralized by a pool of 24 senior loan investments.

Additionally, BRSP 2021-FL1 contains note protection tests that can be triggered as a result of contributed loan defaults, losses, and certain other events outlined in the indenture, beyond established thresholds. A note protection test failure that is not remedied can result in the redirection of interest proceeds from the below investment grade tranches to amortize the most senior outstanding tranche. The Company did not fail any note protection tests during the years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. While the Company continues to closely monitor all loan investments contributed to BRSP 2021-FL1, a deterioration in the performance of an underlying loan could negatively impact its liquidity position.

BRSP 2024-FL2

In August 2024, the Company executed a $675.0 million securitization transaction through wholly-owned subsidiaries, BRSP 2024-FL2, Ltd. and BRSP 2024-FL2, LLC (collectively, “BRSP 2024-FL2”), which resulted in the sale of $583.9 million of investment grade notes (the “2024-FL2 Notes”).

BRSP 2024-FL2 includes a six-month ramp-up acquisition period that allows the Company to contribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for $84.8 million in unused proceeds held in BRSP 2024-FL2, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. BRSP 2024-FL2 also includes atwo-year reinvestment feature that allows the Company to contribute existing or newly originated loan investments in exchange for proceeds from repayments of loans held in BRSP 2024-FL2, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the indenture. As of December 31, 2024, the securitization reflects an advance rate of 86.5% at a weighted average cost of funds of Term SOFR plus 2.47% (before transaction costs), and is collateralized by a pool of 24 senior loan investments and cash. During the year ended December 31, 2024, one loan held in BRSP 2024-FL2 was fully repaid, totaling $19.8 million. Additionally, the Company contributed existing or newly originated loan investments totaling $54.5 million as part of the ramp-up acquisition period in exchange for unused proceeds. At December 31, 2024, the Company had $624.9 million of unpaid principal balance of senior loan investments financed with BRSP 2024-FL2.

Additionally, BRSP 2024-FL2 contains note protection tests that can be triggered as a result of contributed loan defaults, losses, and certain other events outlined in the indenture, beyond established thresholds. A note protection test failure that is not remedied can result in the redirection of interest proceeds from the below investment grade tranches to amortize the most senior outstanding tranche. While the Company continues to closely monitor all loan investments contributed to BRSP 2024-FL2, a deterioration in the performance of an underlying loan could negatively impact its liquidity position.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company, through subsidiaries, had entered into repurchase agreements with multiple global financial institutions to provide an aggregate principal amount of up to $2.0 billion to finance the origination of first mortgage loans and senior loan participations secured by senior loan investments (each, a “Master Repurchase Facility” and collectively, the “Master Repurchase Facilities”). The Company agreed to guarantee certain obligations under the Master Repurchase Facilities, which contain representations, warranties, covenants, conditions precedent to funding, events of default and indemnities that are customary for agreements of this type. The Master Repurchase Facilities act as revolving loan facilities that can be paid down as assets are repaid or sold and re-drawn upon for new investments. As of December 31, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all of its financial covenants under the Master Repurchase Facilities.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $1.0 billion carrying value of CRE debt investments financed with $785.2 million under the Master Repurchase Facilities. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $1.5 billion carrying value of CRE debt investments financed with $1.2 billion under the Master Repurchase Facilities.

As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company hadone counterparty, Bank 1, with net exposure (collateral that exceeded amounts borrowed) totaling more than 10% of the Company’s total equity. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s net exposure to Bank 1 was $198.8 million and $188.3 million, respectively.