JPMORGAN CHASE & CO

Capital risk is the risk that the Firm has an insufficient level or composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during normal economic environments and under stressed conditions.

Refer to pages 89–99 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K, Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for a further discussion of the Firm’s capital risk management.

Basel III Overview

The capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. Bank Holding Companies (“BHCs”) and banks, including the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The minimum amount of regulatory capital that must be held by BHCs and banks is determined by calculating risk-weighted assets ("RWA"), which are on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet exposures, weighted according to risk. Under the rules currently in effect, two comprehensive approaches are prescribed for calculating Basel III RWA: a standardized approach (“Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Advanced”).

For each of these risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm is evaluated against the lower of the Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements.

At March 31, 2026, the Advanced risk-based ratios were more binding on the Firm than the Standardized risk-based ratios.

Additionally, Basel III requires that Advanced Approaches banking organizations, including the Firm, calculate their SLRs. Refer to page 37 of this Form 10-Q and page 96 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on SLR.

Key Regulatory Developments

U.S. Basel III Finalization and GSIB Surcharge

In March 2026, the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC (collectively, “the Agencies”) released a proposal to amend the risk-based capital framework entitled "Regulatory capital rule: Category I and II Banking Organizations, Banking Organizations with Significant Trading Activity, and Optional Adoption for Other Banking Organizations," which is referred to in this Form 10-Q as the “U.S. Basel III Re-Proposal.” This proposal reflects changes from the amendments to the risk-based capital framework previously proposed by the Agencies, including replacement of the current dual calculation of Advanced and Standardized RWA with a single calculation based on the expanded risk-based approach (which, among other changes, would

not permit the use of internal models for the calculation of RWA, other than for Market risk) as well as a new Operational Risk RWA component. Based on the Firm's understanding of the U.S. Basel III Re-Proposal, as applied to its positions as of December 31, 2025, the estimated impact would be an increase to the Firm's required CET1 capital of approximately 6%.

The Agencies also released a concurrent proposal, “Regulatory Capital Rule: Risk-Based Capital Surcharges for Global Systemically Important Bank Holding Companies; Systemic Risk Report (FR Y-15),” which would amend the calculation of the surcharge for Global Systemically Important Banks (“GSIB”) and which is referred to in this Form 10-Q as the “GSIB Surcharge Re-Proposal.” If adopted as proposed, the amendments reflected in the GSIB Surcharge Re-Proposal would require the Firm to assess its GSIB surcharge on an annual basis, calculated using an average of the underlying measures throughout the calendar year, with daily averaging required for certain measures. The increments in which the GSIB surcharge is assessed would be reduced from 50 basis points to 10 basis points. The GSIB Surcharge Re-Proposal includes an annual adjustment for the relative weights assigned to each indicator based on an average of the growth in nominal GDP, and applies a set weight for Short-Term Wholesale Funding rather than its current weighting relative to average RWA. Under the rules currently in effect, the Firm's GSIB surcharge, calculated as of December 31, 2025, would be 5.5% with an effective date of January 1, 2028. If the GSIB Surcharge Re-Proposal were to be adopted as proposed, the Firm estimates that the 5.5% GSIB surcharge would be reduced to 5.2%.

The Firm expects that the changes in requirements reflected in the U.S. Basel III Re-Proposal and the GSIB Surcharge Re-Proposal, taken together, would result in an increase in the Firm’s required CET1 capital of approximately 4% as compared to the CET1 capital requirement that, under current rules, would become effective on January 1, 2028. The estimates do not reflect any actions that the Firm could take to mitigate these impacts.

Comments on the proposals are due by June 18, 2026.

Enhanced SLR Final Rule

On January 1, 2026, the Firm early adopted the enhanced Supplementary Leverage Ratio (“eSLR”) final rule. The final rule amended the eSLR requirements for GSIB BHCs and their insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries by revising the previous static leverage buffers at the BHC and IDI levels to 50% of the BHC’s U.S. Method 1 GSIB Surcharge, which is referred to as the “eSLR buffer.” For IDI subsidiaries, the eSLR buffer is capped at 1%. In addition, the rule made corresponding adjustments to the leverage-based total loss-absorbing capacity (“TLAC”) and eligible long-term debt (“eligible LTD”) requirements by replacing the former TLAC leverage buffer with the eSLR buffer and replacing the former static leverage-based eligible LTD requirement with a requirement of 2.5% plus the eSLR buffer. Further, the rule removed the eSLR threshold for an IDI subsidiary of a U.S. GSIB to be considered “well capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework and instead applied the eSLR as a capital buffer requirement.

Refer to page 92 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for information on the U.S. Method 1 GSIB Surcharge.

Enhanced Transparency and Public Accountability of the Supervisory Stress Test

In October 2025, the Federal Reserve issued proposals to enhance the transparency and public accountability of its annual stress test. The proposals would require the Federal Reserve to publish for public comment comprehensive documentation concerning the supervisory stress test models and annual stress test scenarios, including the scenarios for the upcoming 2026 stress test. The proposals also introduce an enhanced disclosure process under which material changes to stress test models and scenarios would be subject to public comment prior to implementation. Based on the Federal Reserve’s analysis, the proposed changes to the stress test models and scenarios are not expected to change materially the Stress Capital Buffer (“SCB”) for firms, such as JPMorganChase, that are subject to the supervisory stress test. In February 2026, the Federal Reserve released the final 2026 supervisory stress test scenarios, while announcing that SCB requirements for large banks, including the Firm, will remain at current levels through September 30, 2027 with new requirements to be calculated in 2027 based on revised models that incorporate public feedback.

Refer to page 91 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for information on other Key Regulatory Developments.

Selected capital and RWA data

The following tables present the Firm’s risk-based capital metrics under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 89–99 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for a further discussion of these capital metrics. Refer to Note 21 for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics.

(a)Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm. Refer to Note 21 for additional information.

(b)As of March 31, 2026, the impact to the RWA for the Apple Card transaction was approximately $30 billion, which reflects the completion of the necessary modeling steps, as compared to the impact of approximately $110 billion as of December 31, 2025. Refer to Capital Risk Management on pages 89–99 of JPMorganChase's 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

(c)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules. Refer to page 94 and Note 34 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.

(a)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill (inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill) and other intangible assets.

(b)Represents minimum requirements and regulatory buffers applicable to the Firm for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. The current requirement reflects the eSLR final rule which the Firm early adopted effective January 1, 2026. For the year ended December 31, 2025, the SLR requirement was 5.0%. Refer to Key Regulatory Developments on pages 33-34 and Note 21 for additional information related to the eSLR final rule.

Capital components

The following table presents reconciliations of total stockholders’ equity to CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(a)Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating CET1 capital.

(b)As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, included a net reduction for certain deferred tax assets related to tax attribute carryforwards of $556 million and $1.8 billion, respectively, and a net benefit associated with cash flow hedges and debit valuation adjustments ("DVA") related to structured notes recorded in AOCI of $2.5 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively.

(c)Goodwill deducted from capital includes goodwill associated with equity method investments in nonconsolidated financial institutions based on regulatory requirements. Refer to page 66 for additional information on principal investment risk.

(d)Represents the allowance for credit losses eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital up to 1.25% of credit risk RWA with any excess deducted from RWA.

(e)Represents an adjustment to qualifying allowance for credit losses for the excess of eligible credit reserves over expected credit losses up to 0.6% of credit risk RWA with any excess deducted from RWA.

(f)As of December 31, 2025, included an incremental $468 million allowance for credit losses, on certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach was applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.

Capital rollforward

The following table presents the changes in CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the three months ended March 31, 2026.

(a)Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and the impact of related derivatives.

(b)Includes deductions for certain deferred tax assets related to tax attribute carryforwards.

(c)Includes the issuance of $3.0 billion of subordinated notes due 2037. Refer to Long-term funding on page 46 of this Form 10-Q and Note 20 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s subordinated debt.

(d)As of December 31, 2025, included an incremental $468 million allowance for credit losses, on certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach was applied, as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.

RWA rollforward

The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Standardized and Advanced approaches for the three months ended March 31, 2026. The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.

(a)Model & data changes refer to material movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes) including the completion of the necessary modeling steps required for the Apple Card transaction and other modeling updates.

(b)Movement in portfolio levels (inclusive of rule changes) refers to: for Credit risk RWA, changes in book size, changes in composition and credit quality, market movements, and deductions for excess eligible allowances for credit losses not eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital; for Market risk RWA, changes in position and market movements; and for Operational risk RWA, updates to cumulative losses, macroeconomic model inputs, and other model parameters.

(c)As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the Standardized Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $270.1 billion and $268.5 billion, respectively; and the Advanced Credit risk RWA included wholesale and retail off balance-sheet RWA of $287.5 billion and $223.0 billion, respectively.

(d)As of December 31, 2025, Credit risk RWA reflected approximately $37.4 billion of RWA calculated under the Standardized approach includes certain assets associated with First Republic as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.

Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website, for further information on Credit risk RWA, Market risk RWA and Operational risk RWA.

Supplementary leverage ratio

Refer to Supplementary Leverage Ratio on page 96 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

The following table presents the components of the Firm’s SLR.

(a)For purposes of calculating the SLR, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill (inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill) and other intangible assets.

(b)Adjusted average assets used for the calculation of Tier 1 leverage ratio.

(c)Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances on applicable regulatory exposures during the reporting quarter. Refer to the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports for additional information.

Line of business and Corporate equity

Each LOB and Corporate is allocated capital by taking into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. Refer to Line of business and Corporate equity on page 96 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on capital allocation.

The following table presents the capital allocated to each LOB and Corporate.

Capital actions

Common stock dividends

The Firm’s common stock dividends are planned as part of the Capital Management governance framework in line with the Firm’s capital management objectives.

On March 17, 2026, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $1.50 per share, payable on April 30, 2026. The Firm’s dividends are subject to approval by the Board of Directors on a quarterly basis.

Common stock repurchases

On July 1, 2025, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a new $50 billion common share repurchase program, effective July 1, 2025. Through June 30, 2025, the Firm was authorized to purchase up to $30 billion of common shares under its previously-approved common share repurchase program that was announced on June 28, 2024.

The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common stock for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.

(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions.

The Board of Directors’ authorization to repurchase common shares is utilized at management’s discretion. The common share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors does not establish specific price targets or timetables. Management determines the amount and timing of common share repurchases based on various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); organic capital generation; current and proposed future capital requirements; and other investment opportunities. The amount of common shares that the Firm repurchases in any period may be substantially more or less than the amounts estimated or actually repurchased in prior periods, reflecting the dynamic nature of the decision-making process. The Firm’s common share repurchases may be suspended by management at any time.

Refer to Capital actions on page 97 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information.

Refer to Part II, Item 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Part II, Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities on pages 179-180 of this Form 10-Q and page 33 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K, respectively, for additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities.

Preferred stock

Preferred stock dividends were $276 million and $255 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively.

Refer to Note 17 of this Form 10-Q and Note 21 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock.

Capital planning and stress testing

Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review

On April 6, 2026, the Firm submitted its 2026 Capital Plan to the Federal Reserve under the Federal Reserve's Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review ("CCAR") process. The Firm anticipates that the Federal Reserve will disclose summary information regarding the Firm's stress test results by June 30, 2026. The Firm's current SCB requirement is 2.5% and will remain in effect through September 30, 2027, based on the current rules. The Firm’s Standardized CET1 capital ratio requirement, including regulatory buffers, was 11.5% as of March 31, 2026. Refer to Key Regulatory Developments on pages 33-34 for information related to proposed changes to the SCB requirement and stress testing framework.

Refer to Capital planning and stress testing on pages 89–90 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on CCAR.

Other capital requirements

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity

The Federal Reserve’s TLAC rule requires the U.S. GSIB top-tier holding companies, including the Firm, to maintain minimum levels of external TLAC and eligible LTD. The current requirements reflect the eSLR final rule which the Firm early adopted effective January 1, 2026. Refer to Key Regulatory Developments on pages 33-34 for additional information related to the eSLR final rule.

The following table presents the eligible external TLAC and eligible LTD amounts, as well as a representation of these amounts as a percentage of the Firm’s total RWA and total leverage exposure.

Refer to Liquidity Risk Management on pages 41-47 for further information on long-term debt issued by the Parent Company.

Refer to Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 9–31 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for information on the financial consequences to holders of the Firm’s debt and equity securities in a resolution scenario.

Refer to Other capital requirements on page 98 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for additional information on TLAC.

U.S. broker-dealer regulatory capital

J.P. Morgan Securities

JPMorganChase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities. J.P. Morgan Securities is subject to the regulatory capital requirements of Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). J.P. Morgan Securities is also registered as a futures commission merchant and is subject to regulatory capital requirements, including those imposed by the SEC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) and the National Futures Association (“NFA”).

The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities’ net capital.

Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital

J.P. Morgan Securities plc

J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated in the U.K. by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the Capital Requirements Regulation (“CRR”), as adopted and amended in the U.K., and the capital rules in the PRA Rulebook. These requirements collectively represent the U.K.’s implementation of the Basel III standards. The PRA has announced that it intends to delay the U.K.’s implementation of the final Basel III standards until January 1, 2027, with a three-year transitional period for certain aspects.

The Bank of England requires that U.K. banks, including U.K. regulated subsidiaries of overseas groups, maintain minimum requirements for own funds and eligible liabilities (“MREL”). As of March 31, 2026, J.P. Morgan Securities plc was compliant with its MREL requirements.

The following table presents J.P. Morgan Securities plc’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics.

(a)Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the PRA. J.P. Morgan Securities plc's capital ratios as of March 31, 2026 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by the PRA.

(b)At least 75% of the Tier 1 leverage ratio minimum must be met with CET1 capital.

J.P. Morgan SE

JPMSE is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and markets activities. JPMSE is regulated by the European Central Bank (“ECB”), the German Financial Supervisory Authority and the German Central Bank, as well as the local regulators in each of the countries in which it operates, and it is subject to EU capital requirements under Basel III. JPMSE is subject to the EU implementation of the final Basel III standards. Those standards became effective beginning on January 1, 2025, with the exception of market risk aspects for which the effective date is January 1, 2027.

JPMSE is required by the EU Single Resolution Board to maintain MREL. As of March 31, 2026, JPMSE was compliant with its MREL requirements.

The following table presents JPMSE’s risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics.

(a)Represents minimum Pillar 1 requirements specified by the EU CRR. J.P. Morgan SE’s capital and leverage ratios as of March 31, 2026 exceeded the minimum requirements, including the additional capital requirements specified by EU regulators.

Refer to U.S. broker-dealer and Non-U.S. subsidiary regulatory capital on page 99 of JPMorganChase’s 2025 Form 10-K for further information.