BigBearai Holdings Inc

Note 1—Description of the Business

BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc.’s (“BigBear.ai”, “BigBear.ai Holdings”, “BigBear” or the “Company”) mission is to help deliver clarity for the world’s most complex decisions. BigBear.ai is a leading provider of Edge AI-powered decision intelligence solutions for national security, supply chain management and digital identity. Customers and partners rely on BigBear.ai’s predictive analytics capabilities in highly complex, distributed, mission-based operating environments. We are a technology-led solutions organization, providing both software and services to our customers. Unless otherwise indicated, references to “we”, “us” and “our” refer collectively to BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

We prepared these accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of SEC Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Amounts presented within the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are presented in thousands of U.S. dollars unless stated otherwise, except for percentages, units, shares, per unit and per share amounts.

In the opinion of management, these consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments that are of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base these estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ materially from these estimates. Significant estimates inherent in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, accounting for revenue and cost recognition; evaluation of goodwill; intangible assets; and other assets for impairment; income taxes; equity-based compensation; fair value measurements; and contingencies. We eliminate intercompany balances and transactions in consolidation.

The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or future periods. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the“JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard.

This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax

Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). Under ASU 2023-09, public benefit entities must disclose specific categories and provide additional information in the tax rate reconciliation if the effect of those reconciling items is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate. The amendments from ASU 2023-09 are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company does not expect this guidance to have a material impact to its consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures(“ASU 2023-07”). This ASU amends FASB Topic 280 to permit the disclosure of multiple measures of a segment's profit or loss, and requires an entity with a single reportable segment to apply FASB Topic 280 in its entirety. In addition, this ASU requires the following new segment disclosures:

•Significant segment expenses by reportable segment if regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") and included within the reported measure of segment profit or loss;

•Other segment items, which represents the difference between reported segment revenues less the significant segment expenses less reported segment profit or loss; and

•Title and position of the CODM.

Disclosures required under this new ASU and the existing segment profit or loss and assets disclosures currently required annually by FASB Topic 280 are to be disclosed in interim periods. The annual disclosure requirements are effective for the Company's fiscal year ending December 31, 2024, and the interim period disclosure requirements are effective beginning January 1, 2025. Early adoption is permitted. This new rule will result in additional disclosures for segment reporting, and does not have an impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments–Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 broadens the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually. The amendments in ASU 2016-13 require an entity to record an allowance for credit losses for certain financial instruments and financial assets, including accounts receivable, based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. An entity must use judgment in determining the relevant information and estimation methods that are appropriate in its circumstances. The new guidance is effective for the years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods. The Company prospectively adopted ASU 2016-13 as of January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

Note 3—Restructuring Charges

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company refined its organizational structure resulting in employee separation costs of $1.3 million, net of tax benefits. The Company had completed this organizational restructuring as of March 31, 2024. There wereno unpaid employee separation costs related to this organizational restructuring as of September 30, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company refined its organizational structure resulting in employee separation costs of $0.8 million, net of tax benefits. The Company had completed this organizational restructuring as of March 31, 2023. There wereno unpaid employee separation costs related to this organizational restructuring as of December 31, 2023.

Note 4—Business Combinations

Pangiam Acquisition

On February 29, 2024, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”), dated November 4, 2023, by and among BigBear.ai, Pangiam Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”), Pangiam Purchaser, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Pangiam Purchaser”), Pangiam Ultimate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Seller”), and Pangiam Intermediate Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Pangiam Intermediate”), (i) Merger Sub merged with and into Pangiam Intermediate, with Merger Sub ceasing to exist and Pangiam Intermediate surviving as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “First Merger”), and (ii) immediately following the First Merger, Pangiam Intermediate merged with and into Pangiam Purchaser, with Pangiam Intermediate ceasing to exist and Pangiam Purchaser continuing as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Second Merger”, together with the First Merger, the “Mergers”).

As consideration for the Mergers and the related transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, BigBear.ai issued a total of 61,838,072 shares of the Company’s common stock to Seller based on the 20-day volume-weighted average price for common stock ending on the trading day immediately prior to the date of the Merger Agreement of $1.3439, representing an enterprise value of $70 million (which was subject to customary adjustments for indebtedness, cash, working capital and transaction expenses) (the “Purchase Price”), less $3.5 million that was held back from the Purchase Price at the time of the closing of the Mergers to cover any post-closing downward adjustments to the Purchase Price (the “Holdback Amount”). On July 2, 2024 (the “Finalization Date”), BigBear.ai issued 2,144,073 shares of common stock at $1.3905 per share (as determined according to the volume weighted average price over the 20 trading days ending immediately prior to the Finalization Date (as defined in the Purchase Agreement)) as settlement of the final determination of the post-close adjusted Purchase Price.

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of the consideration transferred and the estimated fair values of the major classes of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date.

On July 2, 2024, the Company issued 2,144,073 shares of common stock at $1.3905 per share as settlement of the final determination of the post-close adjusted Purchase Price.

The following table summarizes the intangible assets acquired by class:

The acquired technology, trade names, and customer relationship intangible assets have a weighted-average estimated useful lives of 7 years,5 years, and 20 years, respectively.

The fair value of the acquired technology and trade name was determined using the relief from royalty (“RFR”) method. The fair value of the acquired customer relationships was determined using the excess earnings method.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, whereby the excess of the purchase consideration over the fair value of identifiable net assets was allocated to goodwill. The goodwill reflects the potential synergies and expansion of the Company’s offerings across product lines and markets complementary to its existing products and markets. For tax purposes, the goodwill related to the acquisition is deductible.

The results of operations of Pangiam for the period from February 29, 2024 to September 30, 2024 have been included in the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The post-acquisition net revenues and net loss included in the results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were $25.1 million and $86.4 million, respectively.

Pro Forma Financial Data (Unaudited)

The following table presents the pro forma consolidated results of operations of BigBear.ai for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and the year ended December 31, 2023 as though the acquisition of Pangiam had been completed as of January 1, 2023.

The amounts included in the pro forma information are based on the historical results and do not necessarily represent what would have occurred if the business combination had taken place as of January 1, 2023, nor do they represent the results that may occur in the future. Accordingly, the pro forma financial information should not be relied upon as being indicative of the results that would have been realized had the acquisition occurred as of the date indicated or that may be achieved in the future.

The Company incurred $1.5 million of transaction expenses attributable to the acquisition of Pangiam during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which have been recorded in the pro forma results for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The Company incurred $85.0 million of goodwill impairment as outlined in Note 6—Goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which has been recorded in the pro forma results for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Note 5—Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, short-term debt, including the current portion of long-term debt, accrued liabilities and other current liabilities are reflected on the consolidated balance sheets at amounts that approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial assets and liabilities.

Warrants that were issued at BigBear.ai’s initial public offering (“IPO warrants”), warrants issued in BigBear.ai’s 2023 and 2024 private placement warrants (“PIPE warrants”), and warrants issued in BigBear.ai’s 2023 and 2024 registered direct offering warrants (“RDO warrants”) are valued using a modified Black-Scholes option pricing model (“OPM”), which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement. See Note 15—Warrants for information on the Level 3 inputs used to value the IPO warrants, PIPE warrants and RDO warrants.

The table below presents the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value :

(1) As of March 31, 2024, in accordance with Subtopic 350-20, goodwill with a carrying amount of $204.8 million was written down to its implied fair value of $119.8 million, resulting in an impairment charge of $85.0 million, which was included in earnings during the first quarter. Differences between the implied fair value of $119.8 million and the balance as of September 30, 2024 relate to subsequent measurement period adjustments.

The changes in the fair value of the Level 3 liabilities are as follows:

Note 6—Goodwill

First Quarter of Fiscal 2024

During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we performed a quantitative impairment analysis as a result of a decrease in the Company’s share price during the quarter compared to the share price of the equity issued as consideration for the purchase of Pangiam as described in Note 4. The Company utilized a combination of the discounted cash flow (“DCF”) method of the Income Approach and the Market Approach. Under the Income Approach, the future cash flows of the Company’s reporting units were projected based on estimates of future revenues, gross margins, operating income, excess net working capital, capital expenditures and other factors. The Company utilized estimated revenue growth rates and cash flow projections. The discount rates utilized in the DCF method were based on a weighted-average cost of capital (“WACC”) determined from relevant market comparisons and adjusted for specific reporting unit risks and capital structure. A terminal value estimated growth rate was applied to the final year of the projected period and reflected the Company’s estimate of perpetual growth. The Company then calculated the present value of the respective cash flows for each reporting unit to arrive at an estimate of fair value under the Income Approach. The Market Approach is comprised of the Guideline Public Company and the Guideline Transactions Methods. The Guideline Public Company Method focuses on comparing the Company to selected reasonably similar (or guideline) publicly traded companies. Under this method, valuation multiples were: (i) derived from the operating data of selected guideline companies; (ii) evaluated and adjusted based on the strengths and weaknesses of the Company relative to the selected guideline companies; and (iii) applied to the operating data of the Company to arrive at an indication of value. In the Guideline Transactions Method, consideration was given to prices paid in recent transactions that had occurred in the Company’s industry or in related industries. The Company then reconciled the estimated fair value of its reporting units to its total public market capitalization as of the valuation date. As a result of this testing, we recorded an $85.0 million non-cash goodwill impairment charge during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Our goodwill impairment test reflected an allocation of 50% and 50% between the income and market-based approaches, respectively. Significant inputs into the valuation models included the discount rate, EBITDA growth and estimated future cash flows. We used a discount rate of 30.7%, guideline peer group and the historical and forward-looking revenue of the peer group in the goodwill impairment test. Subsequent to the impairment, there wasno excess of reporting unit fair value over carrying value.

Third Quarter of Fiscal 2024

During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we reevaluated our long-term forecasts due to changes in our expectations about the timing of forecasted revenues for one of our higher growth products. We concluded that the revision to the Company’s forecasts constituted a triggering event and therefore performed a qualitative impairment analysis as of September 30, 2024. Due to the combination of changes to our forecasts and lack of headroom resulting from our goodwill impairment during the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we could not conclude that it is more likely than not that the fair value exceeded the carrying value of our reporting unit as of September 30, 2024 and therefore performed a quantitative interim impairment test.

Our quantitative goodwill impairment test reflected an allocation of 50% and 50% between the income and market-based approaches, respectively. Significant inputs into the valuation models included the discount rate, EBITDA growth and estimated future cash flows. We used a discount rate of 12.0%, guideline peer group and the historical and forward-looking revenue of the peer group in the goodwill impairment test. It was determined that there was no impairment for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

Because the fair value of the reporting unit approximated its carrying value, a negative change in the key assumptions used in the interim impairment analysis or an increase in the carrying value may result in a future impairment of goodwill. Any significant adverse changes in future periods to our internal forecasts or external market conditions could reasonably be expected to negatively affect our key assumptions and may result in future goodwill impairment charges which could be material. For example, keeping all other assumptions the same, an additional increase in the discount rate or an increase in the carrying value could result in an impairment of goodwill.

First Quarter of Fiscal 2023

During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, the Company assessed if the reorganization described in Note 3 was potentially masking a goodwill impairment by performing a quantitative goodwill impairment test of the Company’s reporting units immediately before and after the reorganization. Our goodwill impairment test reflected an allocation of 50% and 50% between the income and market-based approaches, respectively. Significant inputs into the valuation models included the discount rate, EBITDA growth and estimated future cash flows. We used a discount rate of 16.0%, guideline peer group and the historical and forward-looking revenue of the peer group in the goodwill impairment test. The fair value of the Company’s reporting units immediately before and after the reorganization exceeded its carrying values.

The table below presents the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

Accumulated impairment losses to goodwill were$138.5 million as of September 30, 2024.

Note 7—Intangible Assets, net

The intangible asset balances and accumulated amortization are as follows:

Amortization expense of $0.7 million andzero was recognized for the capitalized software development costs during the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively.

The table below presents the amortization expense related to intangible assets for the following periods:

The table below presents the estimated amortization expense on intangible assets for the next five years and thereafter as of September 30, 2024:

Note 8—Prepaid expenses and other current assets

The table below presents details on prepaid expenses and other current assets:

Note 9—Accrued Liabilities

The table below presents details on accrued liabilities:

Note 10—Debt

The table below presents the Company’s debt balances:

Convertible Notes

On December 7, 2021, the Company issued $200.0 million of unsecured convertible notes (the“Convertible Notes”) to certain investors. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.0% per annum, payable semi-annually, and not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares, were initially convertible into 17,391,304 shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $11.50 (the “Conversion Price”). The Conversion Price is subject to adjustments. On May 29, 2022, pursuant to the Convertible Notes indenture, the conversion rate applicable to the Convertible Notes was adjusted to 94.2230 (previously 86.9565) shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of Convertible Notes because the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of the common stock during the preceding 30 trading days was less than $10.00 (the “Conversion Rate Reset”). After giving effect to the Conversion Rate Reset, the Conversion Price is $10.61 and the Convertible Notes are convertible into 18,844,600 shares, not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares. The Convertible Note financing matures on December 15, 2026.

The Company may, at its election, force conversion of the Convertible Notes after December 15, 2022 and prior to October 7, 2026 if the trading price of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for 20 out of the preceding 30 trading days and the 30-day average daily trading volume ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to $3.0 million for the firsttwo years after the initial issuance of the

Convertible Notes and $2.0 million thereafter. Upon such conversion, the Company will be obligated to pay all regularly scheduled interest payments, if any, due on the converted Convertible Notes on each interest payment date occurring after the conversion date for such conversion to, but excluding, the maturity date (such interest payments, an “Interest Make-Whole Payments”). In the event that a holder of the Convertible Notes elects to convert the Convertible Notes (a) prior to December 15, 2024, the Company will be obligated to pay an amount equal totwelve months of interest or (b) on or after December 15, 2024 but prior to December 15, 2025, any accrued and unpaid interest plus any remaining amounts that would be owed up to, but excluding, December 15, 2025. The Interest Make-Whole Payments will be payable in cash or shares of the common stock at the Company’s election, as set forth in the Convertible Notes Indenture.

Following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company exercises its mandatory conversion right in connection with such corporate events, the conversion rate will be increased in certain circumstances for a holder who elects, or has been forced, to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such corporate events.

If a Fundamental Change (as defined in the Convertible Notes indenture) occurs prior to the maturity date, holders of the Convertible Notes will have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or any portion of their Convertible Notes in principal amounts ofone thousand dollars or an integral multiple thereof, at a repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The Convertible Notes require the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all covenants related to the Convertible Notes.

On May 29, 2022, pursuant to the conversion rate adjustment provisions in the Convertible Notes indenture, the Conversion Price was adjusted to $10.61 (or 94.2230 shares of common stock perone thousand dollars of principal amount of Convertible Notes). Subsequent to the adjustment, the Convertible Notes are convertible into 18,844,600 shares, not including any interest payments that are settled with the issuance of shares.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Convertible Notes with a principal of $1,000 were exercised for 94 shares of the Company’s common stock. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has an outstanding balance of $200.0 million related to the Convertible Notes, which is recorded on the balance sheet net of approximately $4.3 million of unamortized debt issuance costs. As of September 30, 2024, the fair value of the Convertible Notes is$195.7 million, which is considered to be a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Bank of America Senior Revolver

The Company is party to a senior credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A. (the“Bank of America Credit Agreement”), entered into on December 7, 2021 (the “Closing Date”), subsequently amended on November 8, 2022, providing the Company with a $25.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility (the“Senior Revolver”). Proceeds from the Senior Revolver will be used to fund working capital needs, capital expenditures and other general corporate purposes. The Senior Revolver matures on December 7, 2025 (the“Maturity Date”).

The Senior Revolver is secured by a pledge of 100% of the equity of certain of the Company’s wholly owned subsidiaries and a security interest in substantially all of the Company’s tangible and intangible assets. The Senior Revolver includes borrowing capacity available for letters of credit and for borrowings on same-day notice, referred to as the “swing loans.” Any issuance of letters of credit or making of a swing loan will reduce the amount available under the revolving credit facility. The Company may increase the commitments under the Senior Revolver in an aggregate amount of up to the greater of $25.0 million or 100% of consolidated adjusted EBITDA plus any additional amounts so long as certain conditions, including compliance with the applicable financial covenants for such period, in each case on a pro forma basis, are satisfied.

As of the Closing Date, borrowings under the Senior Revolver bear interest, at the Company’s option, at:

(i)A Base Rate plus a Base Rate Margin of 2.00%. Base Rate is a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the higher of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (b) the prime rate of Bank of America, N.A., and (c) Bloomberg Short-Term Yield Index (“BSBY”) Rate plus 1.00%; or

(ii)The BSBY Rate plus a BSBY Margin of 1.00%.

The Base Rate Margin and BSBY Margin became subject to adjustment based on the Company’s Secured Net Leverage Ratio after March 31, 2022. The Company is also required to pay unused commitment fees and letter of credit fees under the Bank of America Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment (defined below) increased the Base Rate Margin, BSBY Margin and unused commitment fees by 0.25%.

The Bank of America Credit Agreement requires the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. The Company was not in compliance with the Fixed Charge Coverage ratio requirement as of June 30, 2022, and as a result was unable to draw on the facility. The Company notified Bank of America N.A. of the covenant violation, and on August 9, 2022, entered into the First Amendment (the“First Amendment”) to the Bank of America Credit Agreement, which, among other things, waived the requirement that the Company demonstrate compliance with the minimum Fixed Charge Coverage ratio provided for in the Bank of America Credit Agreement for the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

The Company was not in compliance with the Fixed Charge Coverage ratio requirement as of September 30, 2022, and as a result was unable to draw on the facility. On November 8, 2022, the Company entered into a Second Amendment to the Bank of America Credit Agreement (the “Second Amendment”), which modifies key terms of the Senior Revolver. As a result of the Second Amendment, funds available under the Senior Revolver are reduced to $25.0 million from $50.0 million, limited to a borrowing base of 90% of Eligible Prime Government Receivables and Eligible Subcontractor Government Receivables, plus 85% of Eligible Commercial Receivables. Additionally, the Second Amendment increased the Base Rate Margin, BSBY Margin and unused commitment fees by 0.25%. Following entry into the Second Amendment, the Senior Revolver no longer is subject to a minimum Fixed Charge Coverage ratio covenant, but is still subject to the Secured Net Leverage ratio covenant. In order for the facility to become available for borrowings (the “initial availability quarter”), the Company must report Adjusted EBITDA of at least one dollar. Commencing on the first fiscal quarter after the initial availability quarter, the Company is required to have aggregate reported Adjusted EBITDA of at leastone dollar over the two preceding quarters to maintain its ability to borrow under the Senior Revolver (though the inability to satisfy such condition does not result in a default under the Senior Revolver). Failure to meet this Adjusted EBITDA requirement is not a default but limits the Company’s ability to make borrowings under the Senior Revolver until such time that the Company is able meet the Adjusted EBITDA threshold as defined in the Second Amendment.

The Bank of America Credit Agreement requires the Company to meet certain financial and other covenants. As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with the covenant requirements.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had not drawn on the Senior Revolver. Unamortized debt issuance costs of $0.1 million as of September 30, 2024, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets and are presented in other non-current assets. The Bank of America Credit Agreement requires the Company to deliver monthly borrowing base certificates. The Company did not deliver such monthly borrowing base certificates for the months ending December 31, 2022, January 31, 2023, February 28, 2023, and March 31, 2023. Bank of America N.A. notified the Company of the reporting violation, and on April 21, 2023, Bank of America N.A. and the Company entered into the Third Amendment (the “Third Amendment”) to the Bank of America Credit Agreement, which, among other things, waived the requirement that the Company deliver the monthly borrowing base certificate for the months ending December 31, 2022, January 31, 2023, February 28, 2023, and March 31, 2023, and removed the reporting requirement to deliver a monthly borrowing base certificate going forward until the Company meets the Adjusted EBITDA requirements set forth above and is permitted to draw on the Senior Revolver.

D&O Financing Loan

On December 20, 2023, the Company entered into a $1.2 million loan (the“2024 D&O Financing Loan”) with US Premium Finance to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium through September 2024. The D&O Financing Loan has an interest rate of 6.99% per annum and a maturity date of September 8, 2024.

On December 8, 2022, the Company entered into a $2.1 million loan (the “2023 D&O Financing Loan”) with AFCO Credit Corporation to finance the Company’s directors and officers insurance premium through December 2023. The 2023 D&O Financing Loan required an upfront payment of $1.1 million and had an interest rate of 5.75% per annum and a maturity date of December 8, 2023. The 2023 D&O Financing Loan was fully repaid at maturity.

Note 11—Leases

The Company is obligated under operating leases for certain real estate and office equipment assets. The Company’s finance leases are not material. Certain leases contained predetermined fixed escalation of minimum rents at rates ranging from 2.5% to 5.4% per annum and remaining lease terms of up toten years, some of which include renewal options that could extend certain leases to up to an additional five years.

The following table presents supplemental information related to leases:

The table below summarizes total lease costs for the following periods:

(1)As of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company has subleasedtwo andfour of its real estate leases.

The following table presents supplemental cash flow and non-cash information related to leases:

As of September 30, 2024, the future annual minimum lease payments for operating leases are as follows:

Note 12—Income Taxes

The table below presents the effective income tax rate for the following periods:

The Company was taxed as a corporation for federal, state and local income tax purposes for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023. The effective tax rate for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 differ from the U.S. federal income tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to foreign, state, and local income taxes, permanent differences between book and taxable income, certain discrete items, and the change in valuation allowance.

Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies in the Normal Course of Business

Under certain contracts with the U.S. government and certain governmental entities, contract costs, including indirect costs, are subject to audit by and adjustment through negotiation with governmental representatives. Revenue is recorded in amounts expected to be realized on final settlement of any such audits.

Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to litigation, claims, investigations and audits arising from time to time in the ordinary course of business. Although legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable, the Company intends to defend itself vigorously with respect to any matters currently pending against it. The outcome of these matters, individually and in the aggregate, is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations, or cash flows. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has accrued $3.3 million related to various ongoing legal disputes. The $3.3 million balance as of September 30, 2024, reflects management’s best estimate as of that date and is net of any anticipated amounts recoverable through insurance. On October 8, 2024 we received court approval to settle one of our outstanding legal matters and expect to pay $2.5 million before by November 19, 2024 to fully settle this particular matter.

Note 14—Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

The table below presents the details of the Company’s authorized common stock as of the following periods:

Treasury Stock

These shares are measured at cost and presented as treasury stock on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of stockholders’ equity (deficit).

Dividend Rights

Subject to applicable law and the rights, if any, of the holders of any outstanding series of the Company’s preferred stock or any class or series of stock having a preference over or the right to participate with the Company’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends, dividends may be declared and paid ratably on the Company’s common stock out of the assets of the

Company that are legally available for this purpose at such times and in such amounts as the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) in its discretion shall determine.

Voting Rights

Each outstanding share of the Company’s common stock is entitled toone vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Holders of shares of common stock do not have cumulative voting rights.

Conversion or Redemption Rights

The Company’s common stock is neither convertible nor redeemable.

Liquidation Rights

Upon the Company’s liquidation, the holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive pro rata the Company’s assets that are legally available for distribution, after payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any holders of the Company’s preferred stock then outstanding.

Preferred Stock

The table below presents the details of the Company’s authorized preferred stock as of the following periods:

The Company’s Board may, without further action by the Company’s stockholders, from time to time, direct the issuance of shares of preferred stock in series and may, at the time of issuance, determine the designations, powers, preferences, privileges and relative participating, optional or special rights as well as the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the Company’s common stock. Satisfaction of any dividend preferences of outstanding shares of the Company’s preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of dividends on shares of the Company’s common stock. Upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the total number of directors then in office, the Company’s Board may issue shares of the Company’s preferred stock with voting and conversion rights which could adversely affect the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock.

Note 15—Warrants

2023 Registered Direct Offering Warrants

On June 13, 2023, the Company consummated the closing of a registered direct offering pursuant to an Underwriting Agreement with Cowen and Company, LLC, as representative of the underwriters, for the sale and purchase of an aggregate of 11,848,341 shares of common stock at par value and accompanying common warrants (“RDO warrants”). Each share of common stock is accompanied by a common stock purchase warrant to purchase three-quarters of a share of common stock at an exercise price of $2.32 per share. The RDO warrants were initially exercisable for up to 8,886,255 shares of common stock and became exercisablesix months after issuance and had afive-year term.

The table below presents the value of the RDO warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:

On February 27, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “RDO Warrant Exercise Agreement”) with an existing accredited investor (the “RDO Investor”) to exercise in full the outstanding RDO warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 8,886,255 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of $20.6 million. Upon settlement of the RDO warrants, a loss of $10.1 million was recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and is presented in net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

A gain of $6.1 million and $4.3 million, which includes transaction costs associated with the issuance of the 2023 RDO warrants, was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and are presented in net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

2024 RDO Warrants

In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the RDO warrants, on February 28, 2024, the RDO Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 5,800,000 of the Company’s common stock (the “2024 RDO warrants”) in a private placement. The 2024 RDO warrants will become exercisable commencing at any time on or after August 28, 2024, with an expiration date five years thereafter, with an exercise price per share equal to$3.78.

The table below presents the value of the 2024 RDO warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:

As of September 30, 2024, the 2024 RDO warrants had a fair value of$6.3 millionand is presented on theconsolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities. A gainof $0.5 million and $8.9 million, which includes transaction costs associated with the issuance of the RDO warrants, was recognized during the three andnine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and is presented innet (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on theconsolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2024, there were 5,800,000 2024 RDO warrants issued and outstanding.

2023 PIPE Warrants

On January 19, 2023, the Company consummated the closing of a private placement (the “Private Placement”) by and among the Company and Armistice Capital Master Fund Ltd (the “Purchaser”). At the closing of the Private Placement, the Company issued 13,888,889 shares of the Company’s common stock at par value and warrants to purchase up to an additional 13,888,889 shares of common stock (the “PIPE warrants”). The PIPE warrants had an exercise price of $2.39 per share and were exercisable as of July 19, 2023. The PIPE warrants were subject to a 4.99% beneficial ownership limitation.

The table below presents the value of the PIPE warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:

On March 4, 2024, the Company entered into a warrant exercise agreement (the “PIPE Warrant Exercise Agreement”) with an existing accredited investor (the “PIPE Investor”) to exercise in full the outstanding PIPE warrants to purchase up to an aggregate of 13,888,889 shares of the Company’s common stock for gross proceeds of$33.2 million. Upon settlement of the PIPE warrants, a loss of $32.2 million was recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and are presented in net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

A gain and loss of $9.6 million and $2.2 million were recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and are presented in net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

2024 PIPE Warrant

In consideration for the immediate and full exercise of the PIPE warrants, on March 5, 2024, the PIPE Investor received a new unregistered common stock purchase warrant to purchase up to an aggregate of 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “2024 PIPE warrant”) in a private placement. The 2024 PIPE Warrant will become exercisable commencing at any time on or after September 5, 2024, with an expiration date five years thereafter, with an exercise price per share equal to$4.75.

The table below presents the value of the 2024 PIPE warrant under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:

As of September 30, 2024, the 2024 PIPE warrant has a fair valueof $9.5 million and is presented on the consolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities. A gain of $0.8 million and $18.5 million was recognized as a result of the change in fair value during the three andnine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and is presented in net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations.

As of September 30, 2024, there were 9,000,000 2024 PIPE warrants issued and outstanding.

IPO Public Warrants

Each warrant issued in connection with the Company’s initial public offering (the “IPO public warrants”) entitles the registered holder to purchaseone share of common stock at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment. Pursuant to the warrant agreement, a warrant holder may exercise its warrants only for a whole number of shares of common stock. This means only a whole warrant may be exercised at a given time by a warrant holder. The warrants will expire on December 7, 2026, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Company may call the IPO public warrants for redemption as follows: (1) in whole and not in part; (2) at a price of $0.01 per warrant; (3) upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; (4) if there is an effective registration statement covering the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus available throughout the 30-day notice period; and (5) only if the last reported closing price of the common stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

If the Company calls the IPO public warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Company IPO public warrants to do so on a “cashless basis.”

The exercise price and number of shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the IPO public warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including stock dividends, stock splits, extraordinary dividends, consolidation, combination, reverse stock split or reclassification of shares of the Company’s common stock or other similar event. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrant shares.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 12,168,378 and 12,150,878 IPO public warrants issued and outstanding, respectively.

IPO Private Warrants

The terms and provisions of the IPO public warrants above also apply to the private warrants issued by the Company (“IPO private warrants”). If the IPO private warrants are held by holders other than GigAcquisitions4, LLC (“Sponsor”), Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. and Nomura Securities International, Inc. (together, the“Underwriters”), or any respective permitted transferees, the IPO private warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by the holders on the same basis as the IPO public warrants. The Sponsor, the Underwriters and any respective permitted transferees have the option to exercise the IPO private warrants on a cashless basis.

The table below presents the value of the IPO private warrants under the Black-Scholes OPM using the following assumptions as of the following dates:

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the IPO private warrants have a fair value of $0.1 million and $0.1 million and are presented on the consolidated balance sheets within derivative liabilities and other non-current liabilities, respectively. The following was recognized as a result of the change in fair value for the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023 and is presented in net (decrease) increase in fair value of derivatives on the consolidated statements of operations:

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were 157,394 and 174,894 IPO private warrants issued and outstanding, respectively.

Note 16—Equity-Based Compensation

Class B Unit Incentive Plan

In February 2021, the Company’s parent, BBAI Ultimate Holdings, LLC (“Parent”) adopted a compensatory benefit plan (the“Class B Unit Incentive Plan”) to provide incentives to directors, managers, officers, employees, consultants, advisors and/or other service providers of the Company’s Parent or its Subsidiaries in the form of the Parent’s Class B Units (“Incentive Units”). Incentive Units have a participation threshold of $1.00 and are divided into three tranches (“Tranche I,” “Tranche II,” and “Tranche III”). Tranche I Incentive Units are subject to performance-based, service-based and market-based conditions. The grant date fair value for the Incentive Units was $5.19 per unit.

The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the Incentive Units at the grant date are as follows:

On July 29, 2021, the Company’s Parent amended the Class B Unit Incentive Plan so that the Tranche I and the Tranche III Incentive Units immediately became fully vested, subject to continued employment or provision of services, upon the closing of the transaction stipulated in the Agreement and Plan of Merger (the“Gig Business Combination Agreement”) dated June 4, 2021. The Company’s Parent also amended the Class B Unit Incentive Plan so that the Tranche II Incentive Units will vest on any liquidation event, as defined in the Class B Unit Incentive Plan, rather than only upon the occurrence of an Exit Sale, subject to the market-based condition stipulated in the Class B Unit Incentive Plan prior to its amendment.

Equity-based compensation for awards with performance conditions is based on the probable outcome of the related performance condition. The performance conditions required to vest pursuant to the amended Class B Unit Incentive Plan remain improbable until they occur due to the unpredictability of the events required to meet the vesting conditions. As such events are not considered probable until they occur, recognition of equity-based compensation for the Incentive Units is deferred until the vesting conditions are met. Once the event occurs, unrecognized compensation cost associated with the performance-vesting Incentive Units (based on their modification date fair value) will be recognized based on the portion of the requisite service period that has been rendered.

The modification date fair value of the Incentive Units was $9.06 per unit. The assumptions used in determining the fair value of the Incentive Units at the modification date are as follows:

The volatility used in the determination of the fair value of the Incentive Units was based on analysis of the historical volatility of guideline public companies and factors specific to the Company.

On December 7, 2021, the previously announced merger with GigCapital4, Inc. was consummated. As a result, the Tranche I and Tranche III Incentive Units immediately became fully vested and the performance condition for the Tranche II Incentive Units was met. The fair value determined at the date of the amendment of the Class B Unit Incentive Plan was immediately recognized as compensation expense on the vesting date for Tranches I and III. Compensation expense for the Tranche II Incentive Units is recognized over the derived service period of 30 months from the modification date. The remaining compensation expense for the Tranche II Incentive Units will be recognized over the remaining service period of approximately 25 months from the date of the amendment.

The table below presents the activity in Tranche II of the Incentive Units:

As of September 30, 2024, there wasno unrecognized compensation cost related to Tranche II Incentive Units.

Stock Options

On December 7, 2021, the Company adopted the BigBear.ai Holdings, Inc. 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the“Plan”). The purpose of the Plan is to promote the long-term success of the Company and the creation of stockholder value by providing eligible employees, prospective employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company the opportunity to receive stock- and cash-based incentive awards.

There wereno stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The table below presents the activity of outstanding stock options:

The stock options had $0.3 million intrinsic value as of September 30, 2024. The Company recognizes equity-based compensation expense for the stock options equal to the fair value of the awards on a straight-line basis over the service based vesting period. As of September 30, 2024, there was approximately $2.5 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.42 years.

Restricted Stock Units

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, pursuant to the Plan, the Company’s Board communicated the key terms of and committed to grant Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) to certain employees and certain nonemployee directors and consultants. The Company granted 9,768,668 RSUs to employees and 614,866 RSUs to nonemployee directors during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. RSUs granted to employees generally vest over four years, with 25% vesting on the one year anniversary of the grant date and then 6.25% per each quarter thereafter on the two, three and four year anniversary of the grant date. RSUs granted to nonemployee directors vest 25% each quarter following the grant date or 100% upon the first anniversary of the grant date. Vesting of RSUs is accelerated in the event of death, disability, or a change in control, subject to certain conditions.

The table below presents the activity in the RSUs:

As of September 30, 2024, there was approximately $26.6 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 1.46 years.

Performance Stock Units

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, pursuant to the Plan, the Company’s Board communicated the key terms of and granted Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) to certain employees. The Company grants PSUs to certain employees as a retention incentive. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company granted 1,943,363 PSUs (“Retention PSUs”). The Company also granted 1,844,635 Short-term Incentive PSUs (“STI PSUs”) to employees, which contain performance measures based on a combination of Company’s financial performance as well as the individual’s personal performance. The number of Retention PSUs and STI PSUs that will vest is based on the achievement of the performance criteria during each respective annual measurement period, provided that the employees remain in continuous service on each vesting date. Vesting will not occur unless a minimum performance criteria threshold is achieved.

The table below presents the activity in the PSUs:

As of September 30, 2024, there was approximately $3.9 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the Retention PSUs and STI PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining average period of 0.63 years.

Employee Share Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)

Concurrently with the adoption of the Plan, the Company’s Board adopted the 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”), which authorizes the grant of rights to purchase common stock of the Company to employees, officers and directors (if they are otherwise employees) of the Company. As of January 1, 2022, the Company reserved an aggregate of 3,974,948 common shares (subject to annual increases on January 1 of each year and ending in 2031) of the Company’s common stock for grants under the ESPP. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024,474,325 shares were sold under the ESPP. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has withheld employee contributions of $0.6 million for future ESPP purchases, which are presented on theconsolidated balance sheets within other current liabilities.

Equity-based compensation expense related to purchase rights issued under the ESPP is based on the Black-Scholes OPM fair value of the estimated number of awards as of the beginning of the offering period. Equity-based compensation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the offering period. The table below presents the assumptions used to estimate the grant date fair value of the purchase rights under the ESPP:

(1)Expected volatility is based on a combination of implied and historical equity volatility of selected reasonably similar publicly traded companies.

As of September 30, 2024, there was approximately $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation costs related to the ESPP, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted average period of 0.16 years.

Equity-based Compensation Expense

The table below presents the total equity-based compensation expense recognized for Incentive Units, stock options, RSUs, PSUs and ESPP in selling, general and administrative expense, cost of revenues and research and development for the following periods:

Note 17—Net (Loss) Income Per Share

The numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted net (loss) income per share are computed as follows (in thousands, except per share, unit and per unit data):

The following weighted securities, calculated using the treasury stock and if-converted methods, were not included in the computation of diluted shares outstanding because the effect would be anti-dilutive:

Note 18—Revenues

All revenues were generated within the United States of America.

The table below presents total revenues by contract type for the following periods:

The majority of the Company’s revenue is recognized over time. Revenue derived from contracts that recognize revenue at a point in time was insignificant for all periods presented.

The table below summarizes the activity in the allowance for expected credit losses:

Concentration of Risk

Revenue earned from customers contributing in excess of 10% of total revenues are presented in the tables below for the following periods:

(1) Customers that contributed in excess of 10% of consolidated revenues in any period presented have been included in all periods presented for comparability.

Contract Balances

The table below presents the contract assets and contract liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheets for the following periods:

The change in contract assets between December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by invoices being issued for services previously rendered. The change in contract liability balances between December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2024 was primarily driven by upfront payments for services yet to be rendered to customers. Revenue recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 that was included in thecontract liability balance as of December 31, 2023 was$0.9 million.

When the Company’s estimate of total costs to be incurred to satisfy a performance obligation exceeds the expected revenue, the Company recognizes the loss immediately. When the Company determines that a change in estimate has an impact on the associated profit of a performance obligation, the Company records the cumulative positive or negative adjustmentin the consolidated statements of operations. Changes in estimates and assumptions related to the status of certain long-term contracts may have a material effect on the Company’s operating results.

The following table summarizes the impact of the net estimates at completion (“EAC”) adjustments on the Company’s operating results:

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company includes in its computation of remaining performance obligations customer orders for which it has accepted signed sales orders and generally includes the funded and unfunded components of contracts that have been awarded. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $130.1 million. The Company expects to recognize approximately 98% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue within the next 12 months and the balance thereafter.

Note 19—Related Party Transactions

During the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company paid or accrued $0.3 million and $1.3 million as compensation expense for the members of the Board, including equity-based compensation related to the RSUs of $0.3 million and $1.2 million, which is reflected in the selling, general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations.

During the three and the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company paid or accrued $0.6 million and $1.2 million as compensation expense for the members of the Board, respectively, including equity-based compensation related to the RSUs of $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, which is reflected in the selling, general and administrative expenses within the consolidated statements of operations.

Note 20—Subsequent Events

On October 8, 2024 we received court approval to settle one of our outstanding legal matters and expect to pay $2.5 million before by November 19, 2024 to fully settle this particular matter.