BYLINE BANCORP INC

Note 1—Basis of Present ation

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Byline Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company,” “Byline,” “we,” “us,” “our”), a bank holding company whose principal activity is the ownership and management of its Illinois state chartered subsidiary bank, Byline Bank (the “Bank”), based in Chicago, Illinois.

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In preparing these financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to March 31, 2024 for potential recognition or disclosure. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented have been included. Certain information in footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP has been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC and the accounting standards for interim financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company hasone reportable segment. The Company’s chief operating decision makers evaluate the operations of the Company using consolidated information for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. Therefore, segments disclosures are currently not required.

In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 855, “Subsequent Events,” the Company’s management has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition or disclosure through the date of the issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements. No subsequent events were identified that would have required a change to the condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosure in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2—Accounting Pronouncements Recently Adopted or Issued

The following reflect recent accounting pronouncements that have been adopted or are pending adoption by the Company.

Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The guidance in the ASU clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account on the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The ASU also requires additional disclosures about the restriction. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company evaluated the accounting and disclosure requirements of this update and they did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Issued Accounting Pronouncements Pending Adoption

Business Combinations (Topic 805) - In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations—Joint Venture (JV) Formations: Recognition and Initial Measurement. The guidance requires newly-formed JVs to apply a new basis of accounting to all of its contributed net assets, which results in the JV initially measuring its contributed net assets under ASC 805-20, Business Combinations. The new guidance would be applied prospectively and is effective for all newly-formed joint venture entities with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of this update and the impact of adopting the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting – Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (Topic 280) –In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 to enhance disclosures about significant segment expenses for public entities reporting segment information under Topic 280. It requires that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant expense categories for each reportable segment. Significant expense categories are derived from expenses that are 1) regularly reported to an entity’s chief operating decision-maker ("CODM"), and 2) included in a segment’s reported measure of profit or loss. The disclosures should include an amount for "other segment items," reflecting the difference between 1) segment revenue less significant segment expenses, and 2) the reportable segment’s profit or loss measures. It requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and how the CODM uses the reported measure of profit or loss to assess segment performance and to allocate resources. Further it clarifies that entities with a single reportable segment must disclose both new and existing segment reporting requirements. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities must adopt the guidance on a retrospective basis. The Company is evaluating the internal control and disclosure requirements of this update and the impact of adopting the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Income Taxes – Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740) –In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to provide additional transparency into an entity’s income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The standard requires that public business entities disclose, on an annual basis, specific categories in the rate reconciliation and additional information for reconciling items meeting a certain quantitative threshold. The amendments also require that entities disclose on an annual basis: 1) income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by federal (national), state, and foreign taxes and 2) the income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by individual jurisdictions exceeding 5% of total income taxes paid (net of refunds received). The amendments are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is evaluating the accounting and disclosure requirements of this update and the impact of adopting the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 3—Acquisition of a Business

On July 1, 2023, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common stock of Inland Bancorp, Inc. ("Inland") and its subsidiaries pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 30, 2022 (the "Merger Agreement"). Inland was merged with and into Byline. As a result of the merger, Inland’s wholly owned subsidiary bank, Inland Bank and Trust, was merged with and into Byline Bank, with Byline Bank as the surviving bank. The acquisition improves the Company’s footprint in the Chicagoland market, diversifies its commercial banking business, and strengthens the core deposit base.

In a related but separate transaction, on March 31, 2023, Byline entered into a side letter agreement with the majority shareholder of Inland in which Byline agreed to purchase 2,408,992 shares of Inland common stock. The purchase price was calculated based on the terms of the Merger Agreement. The transaction was completed on June 30, 2023, which resulted in the payment of cash in the amount of $9.9 million.

At the effective time of the merger (the "Effective Time"), each share of Inland’s common stock was converted into the right to receive: (1)0.19 shares of Byline’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and (2) a cash payment in the amount of $0.68 per share, with cash paid in lieu of any fractional shares. The per share cash consideration was based on the total $21.2 million divided by the outstanding shares of Inland common stock. Based on the closing price of shares of the Company’s common stock of $18.09, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange, and 5,932,323 shares of common stock issued with respect to the outstanding shares of Inland common stock, the stock consideration was valued at $107.3 million. Options to acquire 288,200 shares of Inland common stock that were outstanding at the Effective Time were canceled, at the option holders' election, in exchange for a cash payment in accordance with the Merger Agreement of $424,000, to be paid after the closing date. In addition, the 2,408,992 shares of Inland common stock purchased on June 30, 2023 were canceled as of the effective time of the transaction. The value of the total merger consideration at closing was $138.9 million. Stock issuance costs were $299,000.

The transaction resulted in goodwill of $33.4 million, which is nondeductible for tax purposes, as this acquisition was a nontaxable transaction. Goodwill represents the premium paid over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and reflects related synergies expected from the combined operations.

Merger-related expenses, including acquisition advisory expenses of $256,000, core system conversion expenses of $199,000, salaries and employee benefits of $18,000, and other non-interest expenses of $16,000 related to the Inland acquisition, are reflected in non-interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The acquisition of Inland was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC Topic 805. Assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration exchanged were recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities involves significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding the closing date fair values become available.

The following table presents a summary of the preliminary estimates of fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date:

The following table presents the fair value and gross contractual amounts receivable of acquired non-credit-deteriorated loans from the Inland acquisition, and their respective expected contractual cash flows as of the acquisition date:

(1) Includes interest payments not expected to be collected due to loan prepayments as well as principal and interest payments not expected to be collected due to customer default.

The following table provides the unaudited pro forma information for the results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2023. The pro forma results combine the historical results of Inland into the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations, including the impact of certain acquisition accounting adjustments, which includes loan discount accretion, intangible assets amortization, deposit premium accretion, fixed assets amortization, and borrowing discount amortization. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the results that would have been obtained had the acquisition actually occurred on January 1, 2023. No assumptions have been applied to the pro forma results of operations regarding possible revenue enhancements, provision for credit losses, expense efficiencies or asset dispositions. Recognized acquisition-related expenses and other adjustments related to the timing of expenses, are included in net income in the following table:

Revenues and earnings of the acquired company since the acquisition date have not been disclosed as it is not practicable as Inland was merged into the Company and separate financial information is not readily available.

Note 4—Securities

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair values of securities available-for-sale and securities held-to-maturity as of the dates shown and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses:

The Company didnot classify securities as trading during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 or during 2023.

Gross unrealized losses and fair values, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are summarized as follows:

Certain securities have fair values less than amortized cost and, therefore, contain unrealized losses. The Company evaluated the securities which had unrealized losses for potential credit losses and determined there were none. There were 319 securities available-for-sale with unrealized losses at March 31, 2024. There wasone security held-to-maturity with unrealized losses at March 31, 2024. There was no allowance for credit losses for held-to-maturity debt securities at March 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023. The evaluation for potential credit losses is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the issuers/guarantors, the underlying collateral, if applicable, and the continuing payment performance of the securities.

Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security types. The Company’s held-to-maturity portfolio contains municipal bonds that are typically rated by major rating agencies as ‘Aa’ or better. The Company uses industry historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions to establish an allowance for credit losses. Accrued interest receivable on securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity totaled $4.9 million and $4.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are excluded from the estimate of credit losses.

The Company anticipates full recovery of amortized cost with respect to these securities by maturity. The Company does not intend to sell these securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell them before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity.

There were no proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale, nor associated gains and losses on sales and calls of securities, for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Securities posted and pledged as collateral were $659.9 million and $464.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, of those pledged, the carrying amounts of securities pledged as collateral for public fund deposits were $388.6 million and $390.3 million, respectively, and for customer repurchase agreements of $50.2 million and $47.8 million, respectively. At March 31, 2024, there were $194.3 million of securities pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB"). At December 31, 2023 no securities were pledged to the FRB. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereno securities pledged for advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank. Other securities were pledged for letters of credit and for purposes required or permitted by law. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. Government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost and fair value of debt securities are shown by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities if borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Securities not due at a single maturity date are shown separately.

Note 5—Loan and Lease Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses

Loan and Lease Receivables

Outstanding loan and lease receivables as of the dates shown were categorized as follows:

Total loans and leases consist of originated loans and leases, purchased credit deteriorated ("PCD") and acquired non-credit-deteriorated loans and leases. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total loans and leases included the guaranteed amount of U.S. government guaranteed loans of$101.0 million and$93.3 million, respectively. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the discount on the unguaranteed portion of U.S. government guaranteed loans was $25.9 million and $26.2 million, respectively, which are included in total loans and leases. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, installment and other loans included overdraft deposits of $1.2 million and $754,000, respectively, which were reclassified as loans. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, loans and leases and loans held for sale pledged as security for borrowings were $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively. Accrued interest on loans and leases were $37.8 million and $38.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, and are included in the accrued interest receivable and other assets line item on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition.

The minimum annual lease payments for lease financing receivables as of March 31, 2024 are summarized as follows:

Originated loans and leases represent originations excluding loans initially acquired in a business combination. However, once an acquired loan reaches its maturity date, and is re-underwritten and renewed, it is internally classified as an originated loan. PCD loans are those acquired from a business combination with evidence of credit quality deterioration and are accounted for under ASC Topic 326. Acquired non-credit-deteriorated loans and leases represent loans and leases acquired with an outstanding balance from a business combination without more than insignificant evidence of credit quality deterioration and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-20. The following tables summarize the balances for each respective loan and lease category as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

PCD loans—The unpaid principal balance and carrying amount of PCD loans excluding an allowance for credit losses - loans and leases of $10.1 million and $10.0 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows:

The following table is a reconciliation of acquired Inland PCD loans between their purchase price and their par value at the time of the acquisition. Refer to Note 3—Acquisition of a Business for further information.

Acquired non-credit-deteriorated loans and leases—The unpaid principal balance and carrying value for acquired non-credit deteriorated loans and leases, excluding an allowance for credit losses of $4.6 million and $4.7 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows:

The Company hedges interest rates on certain loans using interest rate swaps through which the Company pays variable amounts and receives fixed amounts. Refer to Note 16—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional discussion.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Loans and leases considered for inclusion in the allowance for credit losses include acquired non-credit-deteriorated loans and leases, purchased credit deteriorated loans, and originated loans and leases.

The Bank’s credit risk rating methodology assigns risk ratings from 1 to 10, where a higher rating represents higher risk. Risk ratings for all loans of $1.0 million or more are reviewed annually. The risk rating categories are described by the following groupings:

Pass—1‑4, risk levels of borrowers and guarantors that offer a minimal to an acceptable level of risk.

Watch—5, credit exposure that presents higher than average risk and warrants greater than routine attention.

Special Mention—6, potential weaknesses that if left uncorrected may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects.

Substandard Accrual—7, weaknesses in cash flow and collateral coverage resulting in a distinct possibility of losses if not corrected. Used in limited cases, where the borrower is current on payments and an agreed plan for credit remediation.

Substandard Non‑Accrual—8, well‑defined weakness or weaknesses in cash flow and collateral coverage resulting in the distinct possibility of losses if not corrected.

Doubtful—9, weaknesses inherent in substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss—10, is considered uncollectible and of such little value that its continuance as a realizable asset is not warranted.

Revolving loans that are converted to term loans are treated as new originations and are presented by year of origination. Generally, existing term loans that are re-underwritten are reflected in the table in the year of renewal.

The following tables summarize the risk rating categories of the loans and leases considered for inclusion in theallowance for credit losses - loans and leases calculation, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

At March 31, 2024 and at December 31, 2023 there were no loans or leases which were risk rated Doubtful or Loss. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively, there were $51.9 million and $52.2 million of term loans that had been converted from revolving loans.

The following tables summarize contractual delinquency information of the loans and leases considered for inclusion in theallowance for credit losses - loans and leases calculation at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Total non-accrual loans without an allowance included $8.4 million of commercial real estate loans, $3.6 million of residential real estate, and $3.4 million of commercial and industrial loans as of March 31, 2024. The Company recognized $255,000 of interest income on non-accrual loans and leases for thethree months ended March 31, 2024.

Total non-accrual loans without an allo wance included $1.6 million of commercial real estate loans, $3.6 million of residential real estate loans, and $2.3 million of commercial and industrial loans, as of December 31, 2023. The Company recognized$970,000 of interest income on non-accrual loans and leases for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The following table summarize the balance and activity within the allowance for credit losses - loans and leases, the components of the allowance for credit losses - loans and leases by loans and leases individually and collectively evaluated for impairment, and corresponding loan and lease balances by type for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 are as follows:

The following table summarize the balance and activity within the allowance for credit losses - loans and leases, the components of the allowance for credit losses - loans and leases by loans and leases individually and collectively evaluated for impairment, loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality, and corresponding loan and lease balances by type for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

The Company increased the allowance for credit losses - loans and leases by $680,000 and $8.5 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For loans individually evaluated for impairment, the Company decreased allowance for credit losses - loans and leases by $5.6 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2024, and increased the allowance for loans individually evaluated by $6.7 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2023. For loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment, the Company increased the allowance by $6.2 million and $1.9 million for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The change in allowance for credit losses - loans and leases collectively evaluated for impairment was mainly due to changes in expected losses driven by macro-economic factors, as well as growth in the loan and lease portfolio and through acquisition.

There were no borrowers receiving loan modifications during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The following table presents loans with modified terms as of March 31, 2023:

Loans reflected as having a payment delay included a general adjustment in loan terms similar to those of pass-rated credits. Loans having term modifications included extension of term as a result of a new borrower structure and other miscellaneous term adjustments. Loans having a combination of term modification and interest rate reduction reflect a longer amortization period and a reduced weighted average contractual rate from 8.85% to 7.01%.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of loans that had a payment default as of March 31, 2024 and were modified in the twelve months prior to default.

As of December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of commercial and industrial loans that had a payment default and were modified in the twelve months prior to default was $406,000, which represented 0.02% of outstanding commercial and industrial loans.

Modified loans are either collectively assessed based on portfolio risk segment and risk rating or individually assessed for loans exceeding $500,000. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.

The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans and leases, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The following table presents the change in the balance of the allowance for credit losses - unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2024 and 2023:

Note 6—Servicing Assets

Activity for servicing assets and the related changes in fair value for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows:

Loans serviced for others are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The unpaid principal balances of these loans serviced for others as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

Loan servicing revenue totaled $3.4 million for each of thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Loan servicing asset revaluation, which represents the changes in fair value of servicing assets, resulted in a downward valuation adjustment of $703,000 and an upward valuation of $656,000 for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The fair value of servicing rights is highly sensitive to changes in underlying assumptions. Changes in secondary market premiums and prepayment speed assumptions have the most significant impact on the fair value of servicing rights. Generally, as interest rates rise on variable rate loans, loan prepayments increase due to an increase in refinance activity, which may result in a decrease in the fair value of servicing assets. Measurement of fair value is limited to the conditions existing and the assumptions used as of a particular point in time, and those assumptions may change over time. Refer to Note 15—Fair Value Measurement for further details.

Note 7—Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned ("OREO") is included in accrued interest receivable and other assets in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The following table presents the change in OREO for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, the balance of real estate owned did not include any foreclosed residential real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property.

At March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, there was a $27,000 of consumer mortgage loan secured by residential real estate properties in foreclosure.

There wereno internally financed sales of OREO for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Note 8—Leases

The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for its banking facilities and branches. The Company’s operating leases have varying maturity dates through year end 2036, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease. In addition, the Company leases or subleases real estate to third parties. The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less ("short-term leases") on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Leases are classified at the lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of lease payments over the lease term.

The following table summarizes the amount and balance sheet line item for our operating lease right-of-use asset and liability as of the periods indicated:

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement to calculate the present value of lease payments when the rate implicit in a lease is not known. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is based on the Federal Home Loan Bank regular advance rate, adjusted for the lease term and other factors. At March 31, 2024, the weighted average discount rate of operating leases was 2.75% and the weighted average remaining life of operating leases was 5.0 years, compared to 2.90% and 6.1 years as of December 31,2023.

The following table presents components of total lease costs included as a component of occupancy expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the following periods:

Operating cash flows paid for operating lease amounts included in the measure of lease liabilities were $953,000 and $855,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Company recorded $422,000 and $313,000 of right-of-use lease assets in exchange for operating lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded $194,000 of impairment related to two branch facilities to be closed at the end of the second quarter of 2024. Impairments were recognized on operating lease right-of-use assets and are reflected in other non-interest expense.

The future minimum lease payments for operating leases, subsequent to March 31, 2024, as recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, are summarized as follows:

The total amount of minimum rentals to be received in the future on these subleases is approximately $1.0 million, and the leases have contractual lives extending through 2028. In addition to the above required lease payments, the Company has contractual obligations related primarily to information technology contracts and other maintenance contracts.

Note 9—Goodwill, Core Deposit Intangible and Other Intangible Assets

The following tables summarize the changes in the Company’s goodwill, core deposit intangible assets, and customer relationship intangible assets for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

The following table presents the estimated amortization expense for core deposit intangible and customer relationship intangible assets remaining at March 31, 2024:

Note 10—Income Taxes

The Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate method in computing its interim tax provision. This effective tax rate is based on forecasted annual pre-tax income, permanent tax differences and statutory tax rates.

The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 was 25.0% and 25.7%, respectively. The Company recorded discrete income tax benefit of$501,000 and $134,000 related to the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted shares for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Net deferred tax assets increased to $53.0 million at March 31, 2024 compared to$50.1 million at December 31, 2023, primarily as a result of the change in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities.

Note 11—Deposits

The composition of deposits was as follows as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

There were $436.3 million and $480.0 million of brokered deposits included in time deposits below $250,000 at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

At March 31, 2024, the scheduled maturities of time deposits were:

The Company hedges interest rates on certain money market accounts using interest rate swaps through which the Company receives variable amounts and pays fixed amounts. Refer to Note 16—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional discussion.

Note 12—Other Borrowings

The following is a summary of the Company’s other borrowings as of the dates presented:

Byline Bank has the capacity to borrow funds from the discount window of the Federal Reserve System. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there wereno outstanding advances under the Federal Reserve Bank discount window line. The Company pledges loans and leases as collateral for the FRB discount window borrowing. Refer to Note 5—Loan and Lease Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses for additional discussion.

On January 17, 2024, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago that allows the Bank to access the Bank Term Funding Program ("BTFP"). On January 22, 2024, the Company opened an advance of $200.0 million from the FRB as part of the BTFP. Under the terms of the BTFP, the Bank pledges securities to FBR Chicago as collateral for available advances. The advance carries a fixed interest rate of 4.91%, and matures on January 22, 2025. Advances under the BTFP are prepayable at any time without a prepayment penalty.

At March 31, 2024, fixed-rate Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances totaled $220.0 million, with an interest rate of 5.45% and matured in April 2024. Total variable rate advances were $250.0 million at March 31, 2024, with an interest rate of 5.49% that may reset daily and a maturity date of June 2024. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized by residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, and securities. The Bank’s maximum borrowing capacity is limited to 35% of total assets. Required investment in FHLB stock is $4.50 for every $100 in advances thereafter.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase represent a demand deposit product offered to customers that sweep balances in excess of the FDIC insurance limit into overnight repurchase agreements. The Company pledges securities as collateral for the repurchase agreements. Refer to Note 4—Securities for additional discussion.

On October 13, 2016, the Company entered into a $30.0 million revolving credit agreement with a correspondent bank. Through subsequent amendments, the revolving credit agreement was reduced to $15.0 million. The amended revolving line of credit bears interest at either the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 205 basis points or Prime Rate minus 75 basis points, not to be less than 2.00%, based on the Company’s election, which is required to be communicated at least three business days prior to the commencement of an interest period. If the Company fails to provide timely notification, the interest rate will be Prime Rate minus 75 basis points. On May 26, 2023, the Company amended the agreement with the lender, which provides for: i) the renewal of the revolving line-of-credit facility of up to $15.0 million, extending its maturity date to May 26, 2024; and ii) a new term loan facility in the principal amount of up to $20.0 million with a maturity date of May 26, 2026, each subject to the existing Negative Pledge Agreement dated October 11, 2018, as amended.

At March 31, 2024, the variable term loan had an interest rate of 7.62% and an outstanding balance of $16.7 million. At December 31, 2023, the variable term loan had an interest rate of 7.64% and an outstanding balance of $18.3 million. At March 31, 2024, the line of credit had ano outstanding balance. At December 31,2023, the line of credit had a $11.3 million outstanding balance and an interest rate of 7.39%

The following table presents short-term credit lines available for use as of the dates presented:

The Company hedges interest rates on borrowed funds using interest rate swaps through which the Company receives variable amounts and pays fixed amounts. Refer to Note 16—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional discussion.

Note 13—Subordinated Notes and Junior Subordinated Debentures

In 2020, the Company issued $75.0 million in fixed-to-floating subordinated notes that mature on July 1, 2030. The subordinated notes bear a fixed interest rate of 6.00% until July 1, 2025 and a floating interest rate equal to a benchmark rate, which is expected to be the three-month SOFR, plus 588 basis points thereafter until maturity. The transaction resulted in debt issuance costs of approximately $1.7 million that is being amortized over 10 years.

As of March 31, 2024, the net liability outstanding of the subordinated notes was $73.9 million. The Company may, at its option, redeem the notes, in whole or in part, on a semi-annual basis beginning on July 1, 2025, subject to obtaining the prior approval of the Federal Reserve to the extent such approval is then required. The subordinated notes qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes.

At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s junior subordinated debentures by issuance were as follows:

(1) SOFR is three month SOFR and the spread adjustment is 0.26161%

In 2004, the Company’s predecessor, Metropolitan Bank Group, Inc., issued $35.0 million floating rate junior subordinated debentures to Metropolitan Statutory Trust I, which was formed for the issuance of trust preferred securities. Beginning on September 14, 2023, the interest rate reset to the three-month SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 2.79% (8.38% and 8.43% at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively). Interest is paid on a quarterly basis. The Company has the right to redeem the debentures, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date on or after March 2009.

As part of the First Evanston acquisition, the Company assumed the obligations to First Evanston Bancorp Trust I of $10.0 million in principal amount, which was formed for the issuance of trust preferred securities. Beginning on September 15, 2023, the interest rate reset to the three-month SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus 1.78% (7.37% and 7.43% at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively), which is in effect until the debentures mature in 2035. Interest is paid on a quarterly basis. The Company has the right to redeem the debentures, in whole or in part, on any interest payment date on or after March 2010. The Company has the option to defer interest payments on the debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years.

As part of the Inland acquisition, the Company assumed the obligations to several trust preferred securities. Refer to Note 3—Acquisition of a Business for further details. Interest rates are calculated as the three-month SOFR plus a tenor spread adjustment of 0.26161% plus negotiated additional basis points. Refer to table above for contractual rates and interest rate spread calculation. Interest is paid on a quarterly basis.

The Trusts are not consolidated with the Company. Accordingly, the Company reports the subordinated debentures held by the Trusts as liabilities. The Company owns all of the common securities of each trust. The junior subordinated debentures qualify, and are treated as, Tier 1 regulatory capital of the Company subject to regulatory limitations. The trust preferred securities issued by each trust rank equally with the common securities in right of payment, except that if an event of default under the indenture governing the notes has occurred and is continuing, the preferred securities will rank senior to the common securities in right of payment.

Note 14—Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Legal contingencies—In the ordinary course of business, the Company and Bank have various outstanding commitments and contingent liabilities that are not recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company may be a defendant in certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, the ultimate disposition of these matters is currently not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Operating lease commitments—Refer to Note 8—Leases for discussion of operating lease commitments.

Commitments to extend credit—The Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The contractual or notional amounts of those instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of non-performance by the other party to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and letters of credit is represented by the contractual or notional amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for funded instruments. The Company does not anticipate any material losses as a result of the commitments and letters of credit.

The following table summarizes the contract or notional amount of outstanding loan and lease commitments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The Company evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral is primarily obtained in the form of commercial and residential real estate (including income producing commercial properties).

Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee to a third-party the performance of a customer. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements, bond financing and similar transactions. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers.

Commitments to make loans are generally made for periods of 90 days or less. The fixed rate loan commitments have interest rates ranging from 1.00% to 15.00% and maturities up to 2052. Variable rate loan commitments have interest rates ranging from 4.00% to 18.50% and maturities up to 2053.

Note 15—Fair Value Measurement

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. In addition, the Company has the ability to obtain fair values for markets that are not accessible.

These types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Unobservable inputs are used to measure fair value to the extent that observable inputs are not available. The Company’s own data used to develop unobservable inputs may be adjusted for market considerations when reasonably available.

The categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment, and considers factors specific to assets and liabilities.

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value for certain assets measured and carried at fair value on a recurring basis:

Securities available-for-sale—The Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. Management reviews the procedures used by the third party, including significant inputs used in the fair value calculations. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. When market quotes are not readily accessible or available, alternative approaches are utilized, such as matrix or model pricing.

The Company’s methodology for pricing non-rated bonds focuses on three distinct inputs: equivalent rating, yield and other pricing terms. To determine the rating for a given non-rated municipal bond, the Company references a publicly issued bond by the same issuer if available as well as other additional key metrics to support the credit worthiness. Typically, pricing for these types of bonds would require a higher yield than a similar rated bond from the same issuer. A reduction in price is applied to the rating obtained from the comparable bond, as the Company believes if liquidated, a non-rated bond would be valued less than a similar bond with a verifiable rating. The reduction applied by the Company is one notch lower (i.e. a “AA” rating for a comparable bond would be reduced to “AA-” for the Company’s valuation). In 2024 and 2023, all of the ratings derived by the Company were “BBB-” or better with and without comparable bond proxies. All of the ratings of non-Agency backed bonds derived by the Company were investment grade. The fair value measurement of municipal bonds is sensitive to the rating input, as a higher rating typically results in an increased valuation. The remaining pricing inputs used in the bond valuation are observable. Based on the rating determined, the Company obtains a corresponding current market yield curve available to market participants. Other terms including coupon, maturity date, redemption price, number of coupon payments per year, and accrual method are obtained from the individual bond term sheets.

Equity and other securities—The Company utilizes the same fair value measurement methodology for equity and other securities as detailed in the securities available-sale portfolio above.

Servicing assets—Fair value is based on a loan-by-loan basis taking into consideration the original term to maturity, the current age of the loan and the remaining term to maturity. The valuation methodology utilized for the servicing assets begins with generating estimated future cash flows for each servicing asset, based on their unique characteristics and market-based assumptions for prepayment speeds and costs to service. The present value of the future cash flows are then calculated utilizing market-based discount rate assumptions.

Derivative instruments—Interest rate derivatives are valued by a third party, using models that primarily use market observable inputs, such as yield curves, and are validated by comparison with valuations provided by the respective counterparties. Derivative financial instruments are included in accrued interest receivable and other assets, and accrued interest payable and other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

The following tables summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The following table presents additional information about financial assets measured at fair value on recurring basis for which the Company used significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

The Company didnot have any transfers to or from Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy during thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

The following table presents additional information about the unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements on recurring basis that were categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2024:

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value for certain assets measured and carried at fair value on anon-recurring basis:

Individually Evaluated Loans—The Company individually evaluates loans that do not share similar risk characteristics, including non-accrual loans. Specific allowance for credit losses is measured based on a discounted cash flow of ongoing operations, discounted at the loan's original effective interest rat, or a calculation of the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated selling costs. Valuations of individually assessed loans that are collateral dependent are supported by third party appraisals in accordance with the Bank's credit policy. Accordingly, individually evaluated loans are classified as Level 3.

Assets held for sale—Assets held for sale consist of former branch locations and real estate previously purchased for expansion. Assets are considered held for sale when management has approved to sell the assets following a branch closure or other events. The properties are being actively marketed and transferred to assets held for sale based on the lower of carrying value or its fair value, less estimated costs to sell. The Company records assets held for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within accrued interest receivable and other assets.

Other real estate owned—Certain assets held within other real estate owned represent real estate or other collateral that has been adjusted to its estimated fair value, less cost to sell, as a result of transferring from the loan portfolio at the time of foreclosure or repossession and based on management’s periodic impairment evaluation. From time to time, non-recurring fair value adjustments to other real estate owned are recorded to reflect partial write-downs based on an observable market price or current appraised value of property.

Adjustments to fair value based on such non-recurring transactions generally result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets due to impairment. The following tables summarize the Company’s assets that were measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating fair values of other assets and liabilities for disclosure purposes:

Cash and cash equivalents and interest bearing deposits with other banks—For these short-term instruments, the carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Securities held-to-maturity—The Company obtains fair value measurements from an independent pricing service. Management reviews the procedures used by the third party, including significant inputs used in the fair value calculations. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things. When market quotes are not readily accessible or available, alternative approaches are utilized, such as matrix or model pricing.

Restricted stock—The fair value has been determined to approximate cost.

Loans held for sale—The fair value of loans held for sale are based on quoted market prices, where available, and determined by discounted estimated cash flows using interest rates approximating the Company’s current origination rates for similar loans adjusted to reflect the inherent credit risk.

Loan and lease receivables, net—For certain variable rate loans that reprice frequently and with no significant changes in credit risk, fair value is estimated at carrying value. The fair value of other types of loans is estimated using an exit price notion. It is estimated by discounting future cash flows, using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

Deposits—The fair value of demand deposits, savings accounts, and certain money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated by discounting future cash flows, using rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Federal Home Loan Bank advances—The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated by discounting the agreements based on maturities using rates currently offered for FHLB advances of similar remaining maturities adjusted for prepayment penalties that would be incurred if the borrowings were paid off on the measurement date.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase—The carrying amount approximates fair value due to maturities of less than ninety days.

Term Loan—The carrying amount approximates fair value given the variable interest rate and repricing of interest.

Bank Term Funding Program—The carrying amount approximates fair value given the short-term nature of the instrument.

Line of credit—The carrying amount approximates fair value given the variable interest rate and repricing of interest.

Subordinated notes—The fair value is based on available market prices.

Junior subordinated debentures—The fair value of junior subordinated debentures, in the form of trust preferred securities, is determined using rates currently available to the Company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.

Accrued interest receivable and payable—The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Commitments to extend credit and letters of credit—The fair values of these off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit and commercial and letters of credit are not considered practicable to estimate because of the lack of quoted market prices and the inability to estimate fair value without incurring excessive costs.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments not carried at fair value and levels within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Note 16—Derivative Instruments and Hedge Activities

As required by ASC 815, the Company records all derivatives on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. The Company records derivative assets and derivative liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities, respectively. The following tables present the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments and classification on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

As of the effective time of the transaction reported in Note 3—Acquisition of a Business, Byline acquired and assumed two types of derivative instruments. Interest rate swap agreements previously designated as cash flow hedges of certain junior subordinated debentures issued to capital trusts had notional amounts of $42.0 million and had a fair value of $3.5 million included in accrued interest receivable and other assets. In July 2023, the Company terminated the interest rate swap agreements that resulted in a net gain of $6,000. Other interest rate swap agreements not designated as hedging instruments had notional amounts of $67.7 million and fair values of $6.2 million reported in accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities.

Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges—Cash flow hedges of interest payments associated with certain financial instruments had notional amounts totaling $650.0 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company assesses the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value of the derivatives hedging instrument with the fair value of the designated hedged transactions. As of March 31, 2024, the cash flow hedges aggregating $650.0 million in notional amounts are comprised of $450.0 million pay-fixed interest rate swaps associated with certain deposits and other borrowings, and $200.0 million receive-fixed interest rate swaps associated with certain variable rate loans.

As of March 31, 2024, pay-fixed interest rate swaps are comprised of six effective hedges. Receive-fixed interest rate swaps totaling $200.0 million are comprised of three effective hedges totaling $150.0 million, and one $50.0 million forward-starting swaps that is effective in August of 2024.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the unrealized gain or loss on the derivatives is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified into interest income or expense in the same period during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income or expense as interest payments are made on the hedged instruments. Interest recorded on these swap transactions included $4.8 million and $2.0 million of interest income recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and is reported as a component of interest expense on deposits and other borrowings. As of March 31, 2024, the Company estimates $16.9 million of the net unrealized gain to be reclassified as a net decrease to interest expense during the next twelve months.

Accumulated other comprehensive income also includes the amortization of the remaining balance related to terminated interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges, which are over the original life of the cash flow hedge. In March 2023, the Company terminated interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges totaling $100.0 million, of which $50.0 million became effective in May 2023 and $50.0 million became effective in June 2023. The transaction resulted in a gain of $4.2 million, net of tax, which was the clean value at termination date and began amortizing as a decrease to interest expense on the effective dates. The remaining unamortized balance was $3.5 million and $3.7 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The following table reflects the cash flow hedges as of March 31, 2024:

Receive rates are determined at the time the swaps become effective. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average pay rates of the six effective pay-fixed hedges for $450.0 million were 1.04% and the weighted average receive rates were 5.32%. As of March 31, 2024, the weighted average pay rates of the receive-fixed interest rate swaps of $150.0 million were 8.50% and the weighted average receive rates were 7.31%.

The following table reflects the net gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations relating to the cash flow derivative instruments for the three months ended:

Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements and/or the Company has not elected to apply hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in earnings.

Other interest rate derivatives—The total combined notional amount was $691.6 million as of March 31, 2024 with maturities ranging from August 2024 to March 2033. The fair values of the interest rate derivative agreements are reflected in other assets and other liabilities with corresponding gains or losses reflected in non-interest income. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, there were $4,000 and $472,000 of net transaction fees, included in other non-interest income, related to these derivative instruments.

These instruments are inherently subject to market risk and credit risk. Market risk is associated with changes in interest rates and credit risk relates to the Company’s risk of loss when the counterparty to a derivative contract fails to perform according to the terms of the agreement. Market and credit risks are managed and monitored as part of the Company’s overall asset-liability management process. The credit risk related to derivatives entered into with certain qualified borrowers is managed through the Company’s loan underwriting process. The Company’s loan underwriting process also approves the Bank’s swap counterparty used to mirror the borrowers’ swap. The Company has a bilateral agreement with each swap counterparty that provides that fluctuations in derivative values are to be fully collateralized with either cash or securities.

The following table reflects other interest rate derivatives as of March 31, 2024:

Other derivatives— The Company has entered into risk participation agreements with counterparty banks to assume a portion of the credit risk related to borrower transactions. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, for each period, the total notional amount of risk participated in was $1.2 million and the notional amount of risk participated out was $2.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. The credit risk related to these other derivatives is managed through the Company’s loan underwriting process. Additionally, the Company enters into foreign currency contracts to manage foreign exchange risk associated with certain customer foreign currency transactions. These transactions were not material to the consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The fair values of the credit derivatives is reflected in accrued interest receivable and other assets and accrued interest payable and other liabilities with corresponding gains or losses reflected in non-interest income or other comprehensive income.

The Company has agreements with its derivative counterparties that contain a cross-default provision under which if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default where repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. The Company also has agreements with certain derivative counterparties that contain a provision where if the Company fails to maintain its status as a well or adequately capitalized institution, then the counterparty could terminate the derivative positions and the Company would be required to settle its obligations resulted in a net asset position.

The following table reflects amounts included in non-interest income in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations relating to derivative instruments that are not designated in a hedging relationship for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

The Company records interest rate derivatives subject to master netting agreements at their gross value and does not offset derivative asset and liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The table below summarizes the Company’s interest rate derivatives and offsetting positions as of the periods indicated:

As of March 31, 2024, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $22.5 million. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at March 31, 2024, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value less offsetting positions of $880,000. For purposes of this disclosure, the amount of posted collateral by the Company and counterparties is limited to the amount offsetting the derivative asset and derivative liability.

Note 17 – Share-Based Compensation

In June 2017, the Company's Board of Directors adopted, and the Company's stockholder approved, the 2017 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”). The Omnibus Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights and other equity-based, equity-related or cash-based awards. A total of 2,600,000 shares of our common stock have been reserved for issuance under the Omnibus Plan. As of March 31, 2024, there were 826,874 shares available for future grants under the Omnibus Plan.

The Company primarily grants time-based restricted share awards that vest over aone tofour year period, subject to continued employment. The Company also grants performance-based restricted share awards. The number of shares which may be earned under the award is dependent upon the Company’s return on average assets, weighted equally over a three-year period and measured against a peer group consisting of publicly-traded bank holding companies. Results will be measured cumulatively at the end of the three years. Any earned shares will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.

During 2024, the Company granted 347,492 shares of restricted common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Of this total,268,595 restricted shares will vest ratably over three years on each anniversary of the grant date and 12,861 restricted shares will cliff vest on the third anniversary of the grant date, all subject to continued employment. In addition,66,036 performance-based restricted shares were included in the 2024 grant. The number of performance-based shares which may be earned under the award is dependent upon the Company’s total stockholder return and return on average assets, weighted equally, over a three-year period ending December 31, 2026, measured against the KBW Regional Bank Index. Results will be measured cumulatively at the end of the three years and any earned shares will vest on the third anniversary of the grant date.

The following table discloses the changes in restricted shares for thethree months ended March 31, 2024:

A total of 228,195 restricted shares vested during thethree months ended March 31, 2024. A total of 238,638 restricted shares vested during the year ended December 31,2023. The fair value of restricted shares that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $4.8 million. The fair value of restricted shares that vested during the year ended December 31,2023 was $5.7 million.

The Company recognizes share-based compensation based on the estimated fair value of the restricted stock at the grant date. Share-based compensation expense is included in non-interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The fair value of the total stock return performance-based awards granted in 2024 and 2023 were calculated based on a Monte Carlo simulation, using the following assumptions:

The following table summarizes restricted stock compensation expense for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

The fair value of the unvested restricted stock awards at March 31, 2024 was $16.4 million.

In October 2014, the Company adopted the Byline Bancorp, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (“BYB Plan”). The maximum number of shares available for grants under this plan was 2,476,122 shares. The Company granted 1,846,968 options to purchase shares under this plan. In June 2017, the Board of Directors terminated the BYB Plan andno future grants can be made under this plan. Options to purchase a total of 554,070 shares remain outstanding under the BYB Plan at March 31, 2024.

The types of stock options granted under the BYB Plan were Time Options and Performance Options. The exercise price of each option is equal to the fair value of the stock as of the date of grant. These option awards have vesting periods ranging fromone tofive years and have 10-year contractual terms. Stock volatility was computed as the average of the volatilities of peer group companies. All outstanding stock options were fully vested and exercisable at March 31, 2024.

The fair values of the stock options were determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton model for Time Options and a Monte Carlo simulation model for Performance Options.

The following table discloses the activity in shares subject to options and the weighted average exercise prices, in actual dollars, for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

A total of 214,494 stock options were exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The exercise was cashless and had a related tax benefit of $690,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2024. No stock options were exercised during the during the year ended December 31, 2023. No stock options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or the year ended December 31, 2023. No stock option compensation expense was recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2024 or the year ended December 31, 2023.

Note 18—Earnings per Share

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators for earnings per common share computations is presented below. Incremental shares represent outstanding stock options for which the exercise price is less than the average market price of the Company’s common stock during the periods presented. Options to purchase 657,205 and 930,852 shares of common stock were outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were 753,695 and 693,104 restricted stock awards outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, no stock options outstanding were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per common share.

The following represent the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented:

Note 19—Stockholders’ Equity

A summary of the Company’s preferred and common stock at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is as follows:

On December 12, 2022, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of our outstanding common stock. The program was in effect from January 1, 2023 until December 31, 2023. No shares were repurchased under this program.

On December 6, 2023, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase program authorizing the purchase of up to an aggregate of 1,250,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. The program is in effect from January 1, 2024 until December 31, 2024, unless terminated earlier. The shares may, at the discretion of management, be repurchased from time to time in open market purchases as market conditions warrant or in privately negotiated transactions. The Company is not obligated to purchase any shares under the program, and the program may be discontinued at any time. The actual timing, number and share price of shares purchased under the repurchase program will be determined by the Company at its discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including the market price of the Company’s stock, general market and economic conditions and applicable legal requirements. The shares authorized to be repurchased represented approximately 2.9% of the Company’s outstanding common stock at December 31, 2023.

We didnot purchase any shares under either stock repurchase program during the three months ended March 31, 2024 or 2023.

Repurchased shares are recorded as treasury shares on the trade date using the treasury stock method, and the cash paid is recorded as treasury stock. Treasury stock acquired is recorded at cost and is carried as a reduction of stockholders’ equity in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

For each of the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, cash dividends were declared and paid to stockholders of record of our common stock of $0.09 per share.

On April 23, 2024, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.09 per share payable on May 21, 2024 to stockholders of record of our common stock as of May 7, 2024.

Note 20—Consolidated Statements of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for thethree months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023: