AES CORP

46 | The AES Corporation | June 30, 2025 Form 10-Q

Executive Summary

Compared with last year, second quarter net income decreased $303 million, from $153 million to a net loss of $150 million. This decrease is primarily due to higher income tax expense, day-one losses on the commencement of sales type leases at AES Clean Energy Development, and lower earnings from the Energy Infrastructure SBU due to higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA and prior year unrealized derivative gains; partially offset by the derecognition of a valuation allowance on the loan receivable upon reclassifying Mong Duong from held-for-sale to held and used, and higher contributions from renewables projects placed in service in the current year.

Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, increased $23 million, from $658 million to $681 million, driven by higher contributions from the Renewables SBU primarily due to higher revenues from renewables projects placed in service and prior year outages in Colombia. This was partially offset by the sale of AES Brasil, higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA, and the impact of the selldown of AES Ohio in the Utilities SBU.

Adjusted EBITDA with Tax Attributes, a non-GAAP measure, increased $208 million, from $849 million to $1,057 million primarily due to higher realized tax attributes driven by more projects placed in service and higher income from tax credit transfers, as well as the drivers above.

Compared with last year, second quarter diluted earnings per share from continuing operations decreased $0.54, from $0.39 to a diluted loss of $0.15. This decrease is mainly driven by higher income tax expense, day-one losses on the commencement of sales-type leases at AES Clean Energy Development, and lower earnings at the Energy Infrastructure SBU primarily due to higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA; partially offset by the derecognition of a valuation allowance on the loan receivable upon reclassifying Mong Duong from held-for-sale to held and used, and higher contributions from renewables projects placed in service in the current year.

Adjusted EPS, a non-GAAP measure, increased $0.13 from $0.38 to $0.51, mainly driven by a lower adjusted tax rate and higher contributions due to new renewables projects placed in service, partially offset by higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA.

Compared with last year, net income for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $654 million from $431 million to a net loss of $223 million. This decrease is primarily driven by lower earnings from the Energy Infrastructure SBU due to higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA and unrealized derivative gains, higher income tax expense, higher day-one losses on the commencement of sales type leases at AES Clean Energy Development, and foreign currency translation gains in the prior year; partially offset by the derecognition of a valuation allowance on the loan receivable upon reclassifying Mong Duong from held-for-sale to held and used.

Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, decreased $26 million, from $1,298 million to $1,272 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, mainly driven by higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA and the sale of AES Brasil; partially offset by higher revenues from new projects placed in service at the Renewables SBU, higher retail margin under the 2024 Base Rate Order at AES Indiana, and better hydrology.

Adjusted EBITDA with Tax Attributes, a non-GAAP measure, increased $117 million, from $1,717 million to $1,834 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, due to higher realized tax attributes driven by more projects placed in service and higher income from tax credit transfers, partially offset by the drivers above.

Compared with last year, diluted earnings per share from continuing operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 decreased $1.07, from $0.99 to a diluted loss of $0.08. This decrease is mainly driven by lower earnings at the Energy Infrastructure SBU primarily due to higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA, higher income tax expense, day-one losses on the commencement of sales-type leases at AES Clean Energy Development, foreign currency losses compared to prior year gains, higher net equity in losses of affiliates primarily related to higher prior year contributions from renewables projects that came online at sPower, higher interest expense, and lower interest income, partially offset by the derecognition of a valuation allowance on the loan receivable upon reclassifying Mong Duong from held-for-sale to held and used.

Adjusted EPS, a non-GAAP measure, decreased $0.11 from $0.89 to $0.78, for the six months ended June 30, 2025, mainly driven by lower realized tax attributes at the Renewables SBU due to timing of tax attribute recognition, and lower contributions at the Energy Infrastructure SBU primarily due to higher prior year revenues from the monetization of the Warrior Run coal plant PPA, partially offset by a lower adjusted tax rate and higher contributions at the Utilities SBU.

47 | The AES Corporation | June 30, 2025 Form 10-Q

(1) Non-GAAP measure. See Item 2.—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—SBU Performance Analysis—Non-GAAP Measures for reconciliation and definition.

(2) GWh sold in 2024.

48 | The AES Corporation | June 30, 2025 Form 10-Q

Overview of Strategic Performance

AES is leading the industry's transition to clean energy by investing in renewables, utilities, and technology businesses.

•Our PPA backlog, which consists of projects with signed contracts, but which are not yet operational, is 12 GW, including 5.2 GW under construction. Since our first quarter 2025 earnings call in May 2025, we:

◦Completed the construction of 1.2 GW of energy storage and solar, for a total of 1.9 GW year-to-date, and we are on track to add a total of 3.2 GW to our operating portfolio by year-end 2025; and

◦Signed or were awarded new long-term PPAs for 1.6 GW, for a total of 2 GW year-to-date.

•In June 2025, AES Indiana filed a petition for regulatory rate review with the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission (IURC).

◦This is AES Indiana's first rate case using a forward-looking test year, which will enable a more efficient investment program to best serve customers with cost-effective and reliable electricity service.