CITIZENS FINANCIAL GROUP INC/RI

We consider the effective and prudent management of liquidity fundamental to our safety and soundness. We define liquidity as our ability to meet our obligations when they come due. As a financial institution, we must maintain operating liquidity to meet expected daily and forecasted cash flow requirements, as well as contingent liquidity to meet unexpected (stress scenario) funding requirements. Reflecting the importance of meeting all unexpected and stress-scenario funding requirements, we identify and manage contingent liquidity, consisting of cash balances at the FRB, unencumbered high-quality liquid securities, and unused FHLB borrowing capacity. Separately, we also identify and manage asset liquidity as a subset of contingent liquidity, consisting of cash balances at the FRB and unencumbered high-quality liquid securities. We maintain additional secured borrowing capacity at the FRB discount window, but do not view this as a primary means of funding, but rather a potential source in a stressed environment or during a market disruption. We manage liquidity at the consolidated enterprise level and at each material legal entity.

Liquidity risk is the risk arising from the inability to meet our obligations when they come due. We must maintain adequate funding to meet current and future obligations, including customer loan requests, deposit maturities and withdrawals, debt service, leases, and other cash commitments, under both normal operating conditions and periods of company-specific and/or market stress.

Liquidity risk is measured and managed by the Funding and Liquidity unit within our Treasury group in accordance with policy guidelines promulgated by our Board and the Asset Liability Committee. The Funding and Liquidity unit is responsible for maintaining a liquidity management framework that effectively manages liquidity risk. Processes within this framework include, but are not limited to, regular and comprehensive reporting, including current levels versus threshold limits for a broad set of liquidity metrics and early warning indicators, explanatory commentary relating to emerging risk trends and, as appropriate, recommended remedial strategies, liquidity stress testing, contingency funding plans, and collateral management.

Our Funding and Liquidity unit’s primary goals are to deliver and maintain prudent levels of operating liquidity to support expected and projected funding requirements; contingent liquidity to support unexpected funding requirements resulting from idiosyncratic, systemic, and combination stress events; and regulatory liquidity requirements in a timely manner from stable and cost-efficient funding sources. We seek to accomplish these goals by funding loans with stable deposits, by prudently controlling dependence on wholesale funding, particularly short-term unsecured funding, and by maintaining ample available liquidity, including a contingent liquidity buffer of unencumbered high-quality loans and securities.

The Funding and Liquidity unit monitors a variety of liquidity and funding metrics and early warning indicators, including specific risk thresholds limits. These monitoring tools are broadly classified as follows:

•Current liquidity sources and capacities, including cash balances at the FRB, free and liquid securities, and secured borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB discount window;

•Liquidity stress sources, including idiosyncratic, systemic, and combined stresses, in addition to evolving regulatory requirements; and

•Current and prospective exposures, including secured and unsecured wholesale funding, and spot and cumulative cash-flow gaps across a variety of horizons.

Further, certain of these metrics are monitored individually for CBNA and for our consolidated enterprise on a daily basis, including cash position, unencumbered securities, asset liquidity and available FHLB borrowing capacity. In order to identify emerging trends and risks and inform funding decisions, specific metrics are also forecasted over a one-year horizon.

We rely on customer deposits to be our primary stable and low-cost source of funding. Our funding sources also include our ability to securitize loans in secondary markets, raise funds in the debt and equity capital markets, pledge loans and/or securities for borrowing from the FHLB, pledge securities as collateral for borrowing under repurchase agreements, and sell AFS securities. In addition, we maintain a contingency funding plan designed to ensure that liquidity sources are sufficient to meet ongoing obligations and commitments, particularly in a stressed environment or during a market disruption. The plan identifies members of the liquidity contingency team and provides a framework for management to follow, including notification and escalation of potential liquidity stress events.

As of June 30, 2025:

•Organically generated deposits continue to be our primary source of funding, resulting in a consolidated period-end loan-to-deposit ratio, excluding LHFS, of 79.6%;

◦Estimated insured/secured deposits comprise 66% of our consolidated deposit base of $175.1 billion.

•Our total available liquidity, comprised of contingent liquidity and available discount window capacity, was approximately $82.8 billion;

◦Contingent liquidity was $66.9 billion, consisting of unencumbered high-quality liquid securities of $37.9 billion, unused FHLB capacity of $21.9 billion, and our cash balances at the FRB of $7.1 billion; and

◦Available discount window capacity was $15.9 billion, defined as available total borrowing capacity from the FRB based on identified collateral, which is primarily secured by non-mortgage commercial and retail loans.

For a summary of our sources and uses of cash by type of activity for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in Item 1.

Parent Company Liquidity

Our Parent Company’s primary sources of cash are dividends and interest received from CBNA resulting from investing in bank equity and subordinated debt as well as externally issued preferred stock, senior debt, and subordinated debt. Uses of cash include the routine cash flow requirements as a bank holding company, including periodic share repurchases and payments of dividends, interest, and expenses; the needs of subsidiaries, including CBNA for additional equity and, as required, its need for debt financing; and the support for extraordinary funding requirements when necessary. To the extent the Parent Company relies on wholesale borrowings, uses also include payments of related principal and interest.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Parent Company Issued $750 million of 5.253% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2031.

Our Parent Company’s cash and cash equivalents represent a source of liquidity that can be used to meet various needs and totaled $2.9 billion and $2.7 billion as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Parent Company declared dividends on common stock of $185 million and $194 million, respectively, and declared dividends on preferred stock of $34 million and $35 million, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Parent Company declared dividends on common stock of $371 million and $391 million, respectively, and declared dividends on preferred stock of $67 million and $65 million, respectively.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Parent Company repurchased $400 million and $500 million, respectively, of its outstanding common stock.

CBNA Liquidity

As CBNA’s primary business involves taking deposits and making loans, a key role of liquidity management is to ensure that customers have timely access to funds. Liquidity management also involves maintaining sufficient liquidity to repay wholesale borrowings, pay operating expenses, and support extraordinary funding requirements when necessary. In the ordinary course of business, the liquidity of CBNA is managed by matching sources and uses of cash. The primary sources of bank liquidity include deposits from our consumer and commercial customers; payments of principal and interest on loans and debt securities; and wholesale borrowings, as needed. The primary uses of bank liquidity include withdrawals and maturities of deposits; payment of interest on deposits; funding of loans and related commitments; and funding of securities purchases. To the extent that CBNA relies on wholesale borrowings, uses also include payments of related principal and interest. For further information on CBNA’s outstanding debt see Note 7.

During the six months ended June 30, 2025, CBNA redeemed $350 million of 5.284% fixed-to-floating rate senior notes due 2026.

Credit Ratings

Credit ratings assigned by agencies such as Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s, and Fitch impact our access to unsecured wholesale market funds and to large uninsured customer deposits and are presented in the table below. We currently have a “stable” outlook at Standard & Poor’s, a “negative” outlook at Moody’s, and a “positive” outlook at Fitch. Changes in our public credit ratings could affect both the cost and availability of our wholesale funding.

Existing and evolving regulatory liquidity requirements represent another key driver of systemic liquidity conditions and liquidity management practices. The FRB and OCC regularly evaluate our liquidity as part of the overall supervisory process. In addition, we are subject to existing and evolving regulatory liquidity requirements, some of which are subject to further rulemaking, guidance, and interpretation by the applicable federal regulators. For further discussion, see the “Liquidity Requirements” section under “Regulation and Supervision” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We engage in a variety of activities that are not reflected in our Consolidated Balance Sheets that are generally referred to as “off-balance sheet arrangements.” For more information on these types of activities, see Note 11.