BOEING CO

Overview

On January 5, 2024, a 737-9 flight made an emergency landing after a mid-exit door plug detached in flight. Following the accident, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grounded and required inspections of all 737-9 aircraft with a mid-exit door plug, which constituted the large majority of the approximately 220 737-9 aircraft in the in-service fleet. On January 24, 2024, the FAA approved an enhanced maintenance and inspection process that was required to be performed on each of the grounded 737-9 aircraft. Our 737-9 operators returned their fleets to service in the first quarter of 2024. All 737-9 aircraft in production are undergoing this same enhanced inspection process prior to delivery.

As a result of the accident, the FAA performed an investigation into the 737 quality control system. In the second quarter of 2024, we submitted a comprehensive safety and quality plan to the FAA to address the issues identified. As part of our plan to improve quality and safety and to address the issues identified, we slowed production rates and delayed planned production rate increases to reduce traveled work in our factory, as well as at our suppliers. We also began taking additional actions to improve safety and quality, which include investing in workforce training, simplifying plans and processes, eliminating defects, and enhancing our safety and quality culture.

On November 4, 2024, the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers District 751 (IAM 751) voted to ratify a new contract, thereby ending the work stoppage initiated on September 13, 2024, which paused production of certain commercial aircraft models (737, 767, 777 and 777X aircraft) as well as production of commercial derivative aircraft for our Defense, Space & Security business (KC-46A Tanker and P-8A Poseidon). Production for all programs resumed in December 2024 and gradually ramped up during the first half of 2025.

Consolidated Results of Operations and Financial Condition

Consolidated Results of Operations

The following table summarizes key indicators of consolidated results of operations:

(1)These measures exclude certain components of pension and other postretirement benefit expense. See pages 53-54 for important information about these non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

The following table summarizes Revenues:

Revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $8,810 million compared with the same period in 2024 primarily driven by higher revenues at Commercial Airplanes (BCA). BCA revenues increased by $8,365 million primarily due to higher deliveries.

Revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $5,883 million compared with the same period in 2024 primarily driven by higher revenues at BCA. BCA revenues increased by $4,871 million primarily due to higher deliveries.

Earnings/(loss) from Operations

The following table summarizes Earnings/(loss) from operations:

• The FAS/CAS service cost adjustment represents the difference between the Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) pension and postretirement service costs calculated under GAAP and costs allocated to the business segments.

** Core operating earnings/(loss) is a Non-GAAP measure that excludes the FAS/CAS service cost adjustment. See pages 53-54.

Earnings from operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025, was $285 million compared to loss from operations of $1,176 million during the same period in 2024. The $1,461 million increase in earnings is primarily driven by Defense, Space & Security (BDS) ($1,027 million) and BCA ($764 million), partially offset by an increase in Loss from operations on Unallocated items, eliminations and other ($451 million).

Loss from operations for the three months ended June 30, 2025, decreased by $914 million compared with the same period in 2024. The decrease in loss is primarily driven by BDS ($1,023 million), partially offset by an increase in Loss from operations on Unallocated items, eliminations and other ($401 million).

Core operating loss for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025, decreased by $1,546 million and $959 million compared with the same periods in 2024, primarily due to favorable changes in Segment operating earnings/(loss) as described above.

For information related to Postretirement Plans, see Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unallocated Items, Eliminations and Other

The most significant items included in Unallocated items, eliminations and other (expense)/income are shown in the following table:

Share-based plans expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025, was $51 million and $21 million compared to share-based plans income of $53 million and $43 million for the same periods in 2024. The increase in share-based plans expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025 compared with the same period in 2024 was primarily due to the timing of corporate allocations.

Deferred compensation expense for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $31 million compared with the same period in 2024 primarily driven by changes in our stock price. Deferred compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $66 million compared with the same period in 2024 primarily driven by changes in broad stock market conditions.

Research and development expense was largely unchanged during the six and three months ended June 30, 2025, compared with the same periods in 2024.

Eliminations and other unallocated items expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $325 million and $271 million compared with the same periods in 2024. Eliminations and other unallocated items expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, includes earnings charges of $445 million and $244 million related to agreements with the U.S. Department of Justice. For additional discussion, see Note 18 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Earnings Items

Other income, net for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $123 million and $77 million compared with the same periods in 2024, primarily due to an increase in interest income on short-term investments and dividend income, partially offset by lower non-operating pension income. For information on changes related to non-operating pension and postretirement expenses, see Note 13 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest and debt expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $176 million and $37 million compared with the same periods in the prior year primarily as a result of higher average debt balances.

For a discussion related to Income Taxes, see Note 5 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Total Costs and Expenses (“Cost of Sales”)

Cost of sales, for both products and services, consists primarily of raw materials, parts, sub-assemblies, labor, overhead and subcontracting costs. Our BCA segment predominantly uses program accounting to account for cost of sales. Under program accounting, cost of sales for each commercial aircraft program equals the product of (i) revenue recognized in connection with customer deliveries and (ii) the estimated cost of sales percentage applicable to the total remaining program. For long-term contracts, the amount reported as cost of sales is recognized as incurred. Substantially all contracts at our BDS segment and certain contracts at our Global Services (BGS) segment are long-term contracts with the U.S. government and other customers that generally extend over several years. Cost of sales for commercial spare parts is recorded at average cost.

The following table summarizes cost of sales:

Cost of sales for the six months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $7,063 million, or 23%, compared with the same period in 2024, primarily due to higher revenues at BCA. Cost of sales as a percentage of Revenues decreased during the six months ended June 30, 2025, compared with the same period in 2024, primarily due to lower charges on BDS fixed-price development programs and the absence of 737-9 customer considerations at BCA, partially offset by lower program margins at BCA.

Cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2025, increased by $4,677 million, or 30%, compared with the same period in 2024, primarily due to higher revenues at BCA. Cost of sales as a percentage of Revenues decreased during the three months ended June 30, 2025, compared with the same period in 2024 primarily due to lower charges on BDS fixed-price development programs, partially offset by lower program margins at BCA.

Research and Development

Research and development expense, net is summarized in the following table:

Research and development expense decreased by $68 million and $44 million during the six and three months ended June 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. The decrease in expense was primarily due to lower spending at BDS.

Backlog

Contractual backlog of unfilled orders excludes purchase options, announced orders for which definitive contracts have not been executed, orders where customers have the unilateral right to terminate, and unobligated U.S. and non-U.S. government contract funding. The increase in contractual backlog of $84,945 million during the six months ended June 30, 2025, was primarily due to an $87,022 million increase in BCA backlog. We may experience reductions to backlog and/or significant order cancellations due to various factors including delivery delays, production disruptions and delays to entry into service of the 777X, 737-7 and/or 737-10.

Unobligated backlog includes U.S. and non-U.S. government definitive contracts for which funding has not been authorized. The increase of $12,257 million in unobligated backlog during the six months ended June 30, 2025 was due to an increase in BDS backlog.

U.S. Government Funding Considerable uncertainty exists regarding how future U.S. government budget and program decisions will unfold, including the spending priorities of the Administration and Congress.

The Full-Year Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2025, enacted on March 15, 2025, largely continues federal funding at fiscal year 2024 appropriated levels through September 30, 2025. This bill has been deemed to be a full-year appropriations bill in respect to satisfying the requirements of the Fiscal Responsibility Act, avoiding a sequester of defense and non-defense spending in fiscal year 2025 (FY25).

Global Trade The global trade landscape is currently highly volatile. Various countries have announced plans for and/or have implemented new or modified tariffs.

In the first quarter of 2025, the United States imposed modified tariffs on aluminum and steel imports and additional tariffs on goods from China. In addition, the United States imposed tariffs on goods imported from Canada and Mexico that are not compliant with the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). We believe that the majority of our imports from Canada and Mexico are compliant with the provisions of the USMCA.

During the second quarter of 2025, the United States adjusted various tariff rates, including on aluminum and steel imports, and announced broad reciprocal tariffs on imports from all countries. In May 2025, the U.S. and China reduced the reciprocal tariffs on each other's imports until August 12, 2025, while trade negotiations continue. On May 8, 2025, the United States and the United Kingdom announced a bilateral trade agreement. That agreement became effective June 30, 2025, in the United States and recognizes tariff-free trade of products within the scope of the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft.

As of June 30, 2025, a 10% baseline reciprocal tariff was in place for all countries. In July 2025, the pause on previously announced reciprocal tariffs at rates higher than 10% for specific countries was extended until August 1, 2025, while bilateral trade negotiations take place with various United States trading partners. The United States has asserted that reciprocal tariff rates for many trade partners could increase from the 10% baseline tariff on August 1, 2025, unless agreements are reached.

Collectively, these tariffs and any retaliatory actions taken by countries in response to the United States tariffs could have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations and/or cash flows. Our second quarter results reflect our best estimate of the impacts of the tariffs enacted as of June 30, 2025, and certain potential mitigating actions.

We seek to comply with all U.S. and other government import requirements, export control requirements and sanctions. We continually monitor the global trade environment for new and/or changing tariffs, retaliatory actions, trade agreements, export restrictions, sanctions or other restrictions that may impact us or our supply chain or customers, and work to mitigate impacts to our business.

The current state of U.S.-China relations remains an ongoing watch item. China is a significant market for commercial aircraft and we have long-standing relationships with our Chinese customers. After pausing deliveries in April 2025, China resumed accepting deliveries in June 2025. Overall, the U.S.-China trade relationship is challenged due to tariffs, export restrictions and related supply chain constraints, and other economic and national security concerns.

Supply Chain We and our suppliers are experiencing inflationary pressures, as well as supply chain disruptions as a result of global supply chain constraints and labor instability. Our supply chain is also being impacted by the tariffs and export restrictions discussed above. Certain of our suppliers are also experiencing financial difficulties. We continue to monitor the health and stability of the supply chain. These factors have reduced overall productivity and adversely impacted our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. During 2024, we recorded a reach-forward loss of $1,770 million on the T-7A Red Hawk program that was primarily driven by projected increases in supplier cost estimates. In addition, we recorded losses on the KC-46A Tanker and Commercial Crew programs during 2024 that were partially attributable to higher supplier costs.